Rapid Decay of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Persons with Mild Covid-19

Ibarrondo, F. Javier; Fulcher, Jennifer A.; Goodman‐Meza, David; Elliott, Julie; Hofmann, Christian; Hausner, Mary Ann; Ferbas, Kathie G.; Tobin, Nicole H.; Aldrovandi, Grace M.; Yang, Otto O.

doi:10.1056/nejmc2025179

Cited by 1,077 publications

(1,160 citation statements)

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“…The latter is supported by serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies decaying rapidly following mild infections. 49 Although the true nature of protective immunity is unknown, antibodies are considered a reasonable correlate of anti-viral immunity and their loss may have important implications for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine programs. We need to learn much more about this increasingly important family of viruses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic Non–SARS-CoV-2 Human Coronaviruses in a Community-Based Australian Birth Cohort

2020

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Background and objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the Coronavirus family of viruses. However, in community settings there is relatively limited information on these viruses in healthy children. Our objective was to explore the epidemiology of the four endemic (non-SARS-CoV-2) human coronaviruses (HCoV) by species, including acute illness episodes, risk factors and healthcare burden in a cohort of Australian children in the first 2-years of life. Methods: The Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases (ORChID) community-based cohort was a prospective study describing acute respiratory illnesses in children from birth until their second birthday. Parents recorded daily symptoms, maintained an illness-burden diary and collected weekly nasal swabs, which were tested for 17 respiratory viruses, including HCoVs, by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: 158 children participating in ORChID provided 11,126 weekly swabs, of which 168 were HCoV positive involving 130 incident episodes. HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 were most commonly detected and accounted for two-thirds of episodes. While 30 children had different HCoVs detected on different occasions, seven were reinfected with the same species 4-16 months later. The incidence of HCoV in the first 2-years of life was 0.76 episodes per child-year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.91) with incidence greatest in the second year (1.06; 95%CI 0.84-1.33) and during Winter (1.32; 95%CI 1.02-1.71). Only 50% of HCoV episodes were symptomatic, of which 48.4% led to healthcare contact. Conclusions: In children, HCoV infections are common, recurrent and frequently asymptomatic. Future studies should determine transmission pathways and immune mechanisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic Non–SARS-CoV-2 Human Coronaviruses in a Community-Based Australian Birth Cohort

2020

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“…Data on accuracy of tests beyond 35 days was lacking. Tests performed after five weeks should be interpreted with additional caution, as some evidence suggests that antibody levels may wane, which would reduce an antibody test’s sensitivity further 9…”

Section: Accuracy Of Antibody Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental evidence shows neutralisation with certain SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and inferred clinical evidence from very few reports shows repeat infection and successful use of convalescent plasma therapy 1314. However, longitudinal studies are now reporting and showing that antibody levels are waning,9 and whether protective immunity will be maintained with a lower antibody titre is unknown.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Antibody Tests and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

Watson

Richter

Deeks

2020

BMJ

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“…Other problems with test calibration include the effect of demographic factors such as age, sex, and ethnicity on antibody responses and hence assay results,7 and the effect of timing, since early testing before seroconversion may result in false negative results. Preliminary reports showing rapid decline in virus specific IgG levels suggest that testing too late may also miss cases 8…”

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confidence: 99%