Rapid decline of neutralizing antibodies is associated with decay of IgM in adults recovered from mild COVID-19

Harrington, Whitney E.; Trakhimets, Olesya; Andrade, Daniela Barros da Silva Freire; Dambrauskas, Nicholas; Raappana, Andrew; Jiang, Yuanchun; Houck, J. C.; Selman, William; Yang, Ashton; Вигдорович, В. И.; Yeung, Winnie; Haglund, Micaela; Wallner, Jackson; Oldroyd, Alyssa; Hardy, Samantha; Stewart, S; Gervassi, Ana; Voorhis, Wes Van; Frenkel, Lisa M.; Sather, D. Noah

doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100253

Cited by 48 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As expected, anti-S IgM, IgG and IgA titers declined over time and anti-S IgG becomes the major isotype at late convalescence (24,(50)(51)(52). In this study, IgA titers were the most affected over time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Robust and Functional Immunity up to 9 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a Southeast Asian longitudinal cohort

Maestri

Lay

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Assessing the duration of humoral and cellular immunity remains key to overcome the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, especially in understudied populations in least developed countries. Sixty-four Cambodian individuals with laboratory-confirmed infection with asymptomatic or mild/moderate clinical presentation were evaluated for humoral immune response to the viral spike protein and antibody effector functions during acute phase of infection and at 6-9 months follow-up. Antigen-specific B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were characterized, and T cells were interrogated for functionality at late convalescence. Anti-spike (S) antibody titers decreased over time, but effector functions mediated by S-specific antibodies remained stable. S- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific B cells could be detected in late convalescence in the activated memory B cell compartment and are mostly IgG+. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity was maintained to S and membrane (M) protein. Asymptomatic infection resulted in decreased ADCC and frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells at late convalescence. Whereas anti-S antibodies correlated with S-specific B cells, there was no correlation between T cell response and humoral immunity. Hence, all aspects of a protective immune response are maintained up to nine months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of re-infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Robust and Functional Immunity up to 9 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a Southeast Asian longitudinal cohort

Maestri

Lay

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Similarly to other studies, we found that older individuals have higher anti-S-RBD IgG peak levels after infection compared with younger adults [ 18 , 19 ]. However, such association with age has not been consistently found, as in other studies higher anti-S-RBD IgG correlates with the presence of fever or severity of symptoms instead [ 17 , 20 ]. In our previous study, we also found that after adjusting for age, time since positive PCR-test and sex, hospitalised patients or those with fever had higher anti-RBD IgG levels than those not hospitalized or without fever [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, as 73.6% of COVID-19 cases confirmed by 7 February 2021, in Estonia had occurred since 1 December 2020 [ 1 ], i.e. within a timeframe of >6 months when anti-S-RBD IgG should persist at detectable levels [ 17 ], we believe that waning immunity may have only minor impact on the seroprevalence estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and levels of IgG antibodies after COVID-19 infection or vaccination

Soeorg

Jõgi

Naaber

et al. 2021

Infectious Diseases

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Background In a country-wide seroprevalence study of COVID-19 in Estonia, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence and the dynamics of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination or positive PCR-test. Methods Leftover blood samples were selected between 8 February and 25 March 2021, by SYNLAB Estonia from all counties and age groups (0–9, 10–19, 20–59, 60–69, 70–79 and 80–100 years) proportionally to the whole Estonian population and tested for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (anti-S-RBD IgG) using Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay. Antibody levels after positive PCR-test or vaccination were described by exponential increase-decrease models. Results According to total of 2517 samples, overall seroprevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 20.1% (18.5–21.7%), similar in all age groups, but varied between counties. If individuals vaccinated with the first dose at least 14 d before antibody measurement were assumed to be seronegative, the overall seroprevalence was 15.8% (14.4–17.3%), 4.0-fold larger than the proportion of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases. Of seropositive individuals ( n = 506) 194 (38.3%; 33.8–43.1%) had not had positive PCR-test or been vaccinated. According to exponential increase-decrease model, the peak of anti-S-RBD IgG in a 52-year-old (median age of PCR-positive and/or vaccinated individuals) was significantly higher after vaccination compared with positive PCR-test (22,082 (12,897–26,875) vs. 6732 (2321–8243) AU/mL), but half-life was similar (26.5 (6.9–46.1) vs. 38.3 (8.2–68.5) d). Conclusions One year after the start of COVID-19 pandemic the actual prevalence of infection is still underestimated compared with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases. Older compared with younger individuals have lower anti-S-RBD IgG level after vaccination, but similar decline rate.

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“…Indeed, studies in SARS-CoV-1 demonstrated that, although specific IgG antibodies and memory B-cells were undetectable after a 6-year follow-up, specific T-cell anamnestic response was maintained in a significant proportion of cases [ 39 ]. When evaluating neutralizating antibodies, Harrington et al recently demonstrated a rapid decline in these antibodies in patients recovered from Covid-19 [ 40 ]. Further studies with longer follow-up and ideally assessing the role of both cellular and humoral immunity are essential to developing optimal vaccine strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversionamong front-line healthcare workers during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic at a tertiary-care hospital in Chile

et al. 2021

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Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Cross-sectional studies have provided variable rates of seroprevalence in HCWs. Longitudinal assessments of the serological response to Covid-19 among HCWs are crucial to understanding the risk of infection and changes in antibody titers over time. We aimed to investigate seroprevalence and risk factors associated with seroconversion in a prospective cohort of HCWs during the peak of the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study among 446 front-line HCWsin a tertiary-care hospital in Chile from April to July 2020. IgG was determined monthly using two different ELISAs in serum samples of HCWs, during the three-month period. In each visit, demographic data, symptoms, risk factors, and exposure risks were also assessed. Results The overall seroprevalence at the end of the study period was 24% (95% CI20.2–28.3), with 43% of seropositive HCWs reporting no prior symptoms. Seroconversion rates significantly differed over the study period, from 2.1% to as high as 8.8% at the peak of the epidemic. There were no statistically significant differences observed between HCWs in direct clinical care of patients with Covid-19 and those working in low risk areas. Antibody titers appeared to wane over time. Conclusions HCWs were severely affected with a high rate of seroconversion that appeared to mirror the local epidemiological situation. A significant amount of participants underwent an asymptomatic infection, highlighting the need for improved surveillance policies. Antibody titers appear to wane over time; further studies to understand this finding’s impact on the risk of reinfection are warranted.

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Rapid decline of neutralizing antibodies is associated with decay of IgM in adults recovered from mild COVID-19

Cited by 48 publications

References 46 publications

Robust and Functional Immunity up to 9 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a Southeast Asian longitudinal cohort

Robust and Functional Immunity up to 9 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a Southeast Asian longitudinal cohort

Seroprevalence and levels of IgG antibodies after COVID-19 infection or vaccination

Longitudinal assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversionamong front-line healthcare workers during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic at a tertiary-care hospital in Chile

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