Rapid decline of Zika virus NS1 antigen-specific antibody responses, northeastern Brazil

Moreira-Soto, Andrés; Sampaio, Gilmara; Pedroso, Célia; Postigo-Hidalgo, Ignacio; Berneck, Beatrice Sarah; Ulbert, Sebastian; Brites, Carlos; Netto, Eduardo Martins; Drexler, Jan Felix

doi:10.1007/s11262-020-01772-2

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There was, however, a correlation between DENV-2 nAb titers and ZIKV NS1 ELISA ratios, indicating that this test might detect cross-reactive DENV NS1 IgG antibodies. The low ZIKV seroprevalence three years after infection is in line with previous studies, in which it was shown that nAbs and NS1 antibodies against ZIKV decline rapidly, and indicate that ZIKV serology in flavivirus endemic populations is very challenging several years after the initial infection [ 11 , 12 ]. This could possibly in part explain why the reported ZIKV seroprevalence in regions in Africa and Asia, where ZIKV has already been circulating for many years, is low [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Zika Virus Antibody Titers Three Years after Confirmed Infection

Langerak¹,

Kasbergen²,

Chandler³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Background: In 2015–2016, a large Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak occurred in the Americas. Although the exact ZIKV antibody kinetics after infection are unknown, recent evidence indicates the rapid waning of ZIKV antibodies in humans. Therefore, we aimed to determine the levels of ZIKV antibodies more than three years after a ZIKV infection. Methods: We performed ZIKV virus neutralization tests (VNT) and a commercial ZIKV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA in a cohort of 49 participants from Suriname who had a polymerase-chain-reaction-confirmed ZIKV infection more than three years ago. Furthermore, we determined the presence of antibodies against multiple dengue virus (DENV) antigens. Results: The ZIKV seroprevalence in this cohort, assessed with ZIKV VNT and ZIKV NS1 IgG ELISA, was 59.2% and 63.3%, respectively. There was, however, no correlation between these two tests. Furthermore, we did not find evidence of a potential negative influence of DENV immunity on ZIKV antibody titers. Conclusions: ZIKV seroprevalence, assessed with two commonly used serological tests, was lower than expected in this cohort of participants who had a confirmed previous ZIKV infection. This can have implications for future ZIKV seroprevalence studies and possibly for the duration of immunological protection after a ZIKV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Zika Virus Antibody Titers Three Years after Confirmed Infection

Langerak¹,

Kasbergen²,

Chandler³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Interestingly, however, a recent study by Henderson et al [45] reported decreasing levels of antibody prevalence to ZIKV in residents of Fiji and French Polynesia two years after the ZIKV outbreak in those locations. Similarly, Moreira-Soto et al [46] observed a decline in seropositivity to ZIKV IgG in residents of Salvador, Northeastern Brazil 1.5-2 years after testing seropositive. These findings suggest that commonly used serological tests may miss a substantial proportion of past ZIKV infections, underscoring the value of samples collected during on-going epidemics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Similarly, Moreira-Soto et al . [ 46 ] observed a decline in seropositivity to ZIKV IgG in residents of Salvador, Northeastern Brazil 1.5–2 years after testing seropositive. These findings suggest that commonly used serological tests may miss a substantial proportion of past ZIKV infections, underscoring the value of samples collected during on-going epidemics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic performance of anti-Zika virus IgM, IgAM and IgG ELISAs during co-circulation of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses in Brazil and Venezuela

et al. 2021

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Background Serological diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is challenging because of the antibody cross-reactivity among flaviviruses. At the same time, the role of Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) is limited by the low proportion of symptomatic infections and the low average viral load. Here, we compared the diagnostic performance of commercially available IgM, IgAM, and IgG ELISAs in sequential samples during the ZIKV and chikungunya (CHIKV) epidemics and co-circulation of dengue virus (DENV) in Brazil and Venezuela. Methodology/Principal findings Acute (day of illness 1–5) and follow-up (day of illness ≥ 6) blood samples were collected from nine hundred and seven symptomatic patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter study of symptomatic patients recruited between June 2012 and August 2016. Acute samples were tested by RT-PCR for ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV. Acute and follow-up samples were tested for IgM, IgAM, and IgG antibodies to ZIKV using commercially available ELISAs. Among follow-up samples with a RT-PCR confirmed ZIKV infection, anti-ZIKV IgAM sensitivity was 93.5% (43/48), while IgM and IgG exhibited sensitivities of 30.3% (10/35) and 72% (18/25), respectively. An additional 24% (26/109) of ZIKV infections were detected via IgAM seroconversion in ZIKV/DENV/CHIKV RT-PCR negative patients. The specificity of anti-ZIKV IgM was estimated at 93% and that of IgAM at 85%. Conclusions/Significance Our findings exemplify the challenges of the assessment of test performance for ZIKV serological tests in the real-world setting, during co-circulation of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV. However, we can also demonstrate that the IgAM immunoassay exhibits superior sensitivity to detect ZIKV RT-PCR confirmed infections compared to IgG and IgM immunoassays. The IgAM assay also proves to be promising for detection of anti-ZIKV seroconversions in sequential samples, both in ZIKV PCR-positive as well as PCR-negative patients, making this a candidate assay for serological monitoring of pregnant women in future ZIKV outbreaks.

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“…However, the detection rate of anti-ZIKV E IgM in infected patients may be higher compared to anti-ZIKV NS1 IgM, hinting at differential immune responses and thus limited usage of some antigens for long-term follow-up and serology-based surveillance (15). Similarly, the durability of IgG antibody responses generally varies among the targeted antigen (51). Using specifically mutated recombinant envelope proteins increased specificity of DENV ELISAs allowing differentiation of serotypes (52).…”

Section: Balancing Sensitivity and Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges towards serologic diagnostics of emerging arboviruses

Fischer

Haage

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Rapid decline of Zika virus NS1 antigen-specific antibody responses, northeastern Brazil

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Zika Virus Antibody Titers Three Years after Confirmed Infection

Zika Virus Antibody Titers Three Years after Confirmed Infection

Diagnostic performance of anti-Zika virus IgM, IgAM and IgG ELISAs during co-circulation of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses in Brazil and Venezuela

Challenges towards serologic diagnostics of emerging arboviruses

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