Rapid deep‐water renewal in Lake Issyk‐Kul (Kyrgyzstan) indicated by transient tracers

Höfer, Markus; Peeters, Frank; Aeschbach–Hertig, Werner; Brennwald, Matthias S.; Holocher, Johannes; Livingstone, David M.; Romanovski, Vladimir; Kipfer, Rolf

doi:10.4319/lo.2002.47.4.1210

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Data on the transient tracers 3 H, 3 He, and SF 6 measured at Sta. 3 in 2001 (Hofer et al 2002) suggest a decrease in apparent water age at ϳ500 m depth. This observation is consistent with the interpretation that the intrusions are recent features containing water from upper regions of the water column.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tracer data indicated that the water at 600 m depth has a residence time Ͻ10 yr, which suggests rapid deep-water renewal (Hofer et al 2002;Vollmer et al 2002a). New SF 6 data measured in samples collected at the deepest station (Sta.…”

Section: Speculations On Deep-water Renewal By Advective Processes Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference between the volume-weighted mean apparent SF 6 age (Table 2) below and above 300 m depth suggests that the residence time below 300 m is ϳ4 yr. Using the 3 H-3 He ages of Hofer et al (2002) instead of the SF 6 ages gives a residence time of ϳ5 yr. Under the assumption that all water exchange occurs advectively, one obtains upper limits for the mean upwelling velocity in the open water at 300 m depth of ϳ65 m yr Ϫ1 and ϳ50 m yr Ϫ1 , respectively.…”

Section: Speculations On Deep-water Renewal By Advective Processes Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scaling factor f ϭ 1.0764 was determined using the ionic composition of Issyk-Kul water given by Tsigelnaya (1995). Using this equation of state and assuming S ϭ 6 g kg Ϫ1 , the temperature of maximum density T md at the surface of Lake Issyk-Kul is T md ϭ 2.6ЊC (Hofer et al 2002;Kipfer and Peeters 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Using new data on the transient tracers 3 H, 3 He, sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), and chlorofluorocarbons (e.g., CFC-12), deep-water residence times were estimated to be Ͻ10 yr (Hofer et al 2002;Vollmer et al 2002a). However, the transient tracer data do not allow the identification of the processes responsible for deep-water renewal.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Deep‐water renewal in Lake Issyk‐Kul driven by differential cooling

Peeters

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Höfer

et al. 2003

Limnology & Oceanography

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During two field campaigns on Lake Issyk-Kul in March and August 2001, 179 high-resolution conductivitytemperature-depth profiles were measured, along with profiles of dissolved oxygen and light transmission. On the basis of this extensive data set, we investigated the large-scale vertical advective processes responsible for deepwater renewal in Lake Issyk-Kul. At some locations sampled in March, variable peak structures in the tracer profiles were observed that indicate horizontally localized intrusions. These intrusions have their origin in density plumes that propagate along the bottom of the channels in the eastern shelf region. The cold dense water at the bottom of the channels is most likely generated by differential cooling of the water in the shallow shelf regions during winter. During summer, vertical advective processes appear to be limited to the upper 200 m, where upwelling in the open water leads to a doming structure. The August data support the results of earlier investigations that suggested that dynamic forcing by a basinwide gyre is responsible for the upwelling in the open water. Lake Issyk-Kul, which is located at an altitude of 1,606 m in the Tien Chan mountains of northeast Kyrgyzstan, is one of the largest (1740 km 3 ) and deepest (668 m) lakes in the world. It is a closed basin lake and is slightly saline, with 6 g kg Ϫ1 of dissolved ionic substances (Tsigelnaya 1995). Despite its depth, the lake has large, shallow shelf regions, predominantly in the east and west (Fig. 1a). Twenty-seven percent of the lake (by area) is shallower than 50 m. During previous periods of low lake level, the area of the lake was therefore considerably less than it is now. The river valleys that were cut into the land surrounding the lake at this time were later submerged as the lake level rose and are now easily recognizable on the bathymetric map of Lake Issyk-Kul (Fig. 1a) as channels cut into what are now the shallow regions of the lake (Tsigelnaya 1995).More than 50% of the water volume of the lake is located below 200 m depth. Hence, the exchange between surface and deep water is an important factor in determining the distribution of dissolved substances in the lake and must be taken into account in assessing the ecological impact of pollutants and nutrients possibly introduced by spills (associ-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Speculations On Deep-water Renewal By Advective Processes Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Speculations On Deep-water Renewal By Advective Processes Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep‐water renewal in Lake Issyk‐Kul driven by differential cooling

Peeters

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Höfer

et al. 2003

Limnology & Oceanography

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Ventilation and dissolved oxygen cycle in Lake Superior: Insights from a numerical model

Matsumoto

Tokos

Gregory

2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Ventilation and dissolved oxygen in Lake Superior are key factors that determine the fate of various natural and anthropogenic inputs to the lake. We employ an idealized age tracer and biogeochemical tracers in a realistically configured numerical model of Lake Superior to characterize its ventilation and dissolved O 2 cycle. Our results indicate that Lake Superior is preferentially ventilated over rough bathymetry and that spring overturning following a very cold winter does not completely ventilate the lake interior. While this is unexpected for a dimictic lake, no part of the lake remains isolated from the atmosphere for more than 300 days. Our results also show that Lake Superior's oxygen cycle is dominated by solubility changes; as a result, the expected relationship between biological consumption of dissolved O 2 and ventilation age does not manifest.

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Boehrer

Schultze

2004

Handbuch Angewandte Limnologie: Grundlagen - Gewässerbelastung - Restaurierung - Aquatische Ökotoxikologie - Bewertung - Gewäss

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Rapid deep‐water renewal in Lake Issyk‐Kul (Kyrgyzstan) indicated by transient tracers

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Deep‐water renewal in Lake Issyk‐Kul driven by differential cooling

Deep‐water renewal in Lake Issyk‐Kul driven by differential cooling

Ventilation and dissolved oxygen cycle in Lake Superior: Insights from a numerical model

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