Rapid degradation characteristics of an air‐cooled PEMFC stack

Luo, Lizhong; Huang, Bi; Cheng, Zhiyu; Jian, Qifei

doi:10.1002/er.5266

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…DOE‐suggested degradation targets usually require less than 10% loss in the efficiency of an FC system at the end of its lifetime. The degradation mechanisms can basically be subdivided into two families: FC component degradation (membrane, electrocatalysts and catalyst loading or CL, GDL, gaskets, bipolar plates or BPs, sealing) and degradation effects due to operative conditions (air/fuel impurities, load cycle, startup/shutdown, environmental subfreezing conditions) 177‐179 . Membranes can degrade mechanically, thermally, or chemically electrochemically 143 .…”

Section: Degradation Of Fcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles

Luo

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The transportation sector consumes a large amount of fossil fuels consequently exacerbating the global environmental and energy crisis. Fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) are promising alternatives in the continuous transition to clean energy. This article summarizes the recent advances pertaining to the optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles, especially the fuel cell + battery hybrid topology, and discusses current technological bottlenecks hindering the commercialization of FCHEVs. The development of HEVs, markets, environmental and economic benefits, components, topologies, energy management strategies, degradation mechanisms, and safety standards of FCHEVs are reviewed. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells constitute the mainstream and most mature fuel cell technology for automobile applications. Battery hybridization is currently favored among the available FCHEV topological designs to improve the dynamic response and recover the braking energy. Energy management strategies encompassing logic rule‐based simple methods, intelligent control methods, global optimization strategies, and local optimization strategies are described, and issues and challenges encountering FCHEVs are discussed. In addition to promoting the construction of hydrogen supply facilities, future efforts are expected to focus on solving problems such as the high cost, durability of fuel cells, cold start, lifetime of batteries, security and comfort, system optimization, energy management systems, integration, and diagnosis of faults. This review serves as a reference and guide for future technological development and commercialization of FCHEVs. Highlights Advances of the optimization and cutting‐edge design of FCHEVs are reviewed. Battery hybridization is currently favored among the available topological designs. Benefits, components, topologies, and energy management strategies are described. Markets, degradation mechanisms, and safety standards of FCHEVs are introduced. Technological bottlenecks hindering the commercialization of FCHEVs are discussed.

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Section: Degradation Of Fcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles

Luo

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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“…By reversing the polarity of the cell, a reverse current flow through the PEMFC generates heat. This may cause degradation within the cell after several uses [15,26,27]. Therefore, this solution is not ideal for the subfreezing start-up of a PEMFC despite its simplicity as well as its low weight and volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Control Strategy for Heating Portable Fuel Cell Power Systems for Energy-Efficient and Reliable Operation

et al. 2022

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Using hydrogen fuel cells for power systems, temperature conditions are important for efficient and reliable operations, especially in low-temperature environments. A heating system with an electrical energy buffer is therefore required for reliable operation. There is a research gap in finding an appropriate control strategy regarding energy efficiency and reliable operations for different environmental conditions. This paper investigates heating strategies for the subfreezing start of a fuel cell for portable applications at an early development stage to enable frontloading in product engineering. The strategies were investigated by simulation and experiment. A prototype for such a system was built and tested for subfreezing start-ups and non-subfreezing start-ups. This was done by heating the fuel cell system with different control strategies to test their efficiency. It was found that operating strategies to heat up the fuel cell system can ensure a more reliable and energy-efficient operation. The heating strategy needs to be adjusted according to the ambient conditions, as this influences the required heating energy, efficiency, and reliable operation of the system. A differentiation in the control strategy between subfreezing and non-subfreezing temperatures is recommended due to reliability reasons.

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“…Their study indicates that different GDL design approaches would significantly affect the flow pattern of water, which in turn influences the performance of fuel cells. Luo et al 24 found that the performance of PEMFC was degraded with the reduced contact angle of the GDL, and the adhesion of impurities caused water management problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fluorinated ethylene propylene contents in a novel gas diffusion layer on cell performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Yang

Hsueh

Chen

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The object of this study is the manufacturing processes and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) contents on the cell performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). These results are useful for optimizing gas diffusion layer (GDL) fabrication processes and the operating conditions of the PEMFC. A traditional GDL with a micro porous layer (MPL) can enhance the water management ability. For the case of the one‐stage GDL manufacturing process, carbon paper with an FEP content of 10 wt% has the best fuel cell performance and limiting current density. Besides, in the two‐stage GDL fabrication process, when the cathode fuel is air, carbon paper with the same 10 wt% FEP content can delay the occurrence of limiting current density. The types of carbon black have remarkable influences on water management capabilities. It is noted that the XC‐72R carbon powder has a relatively appropriate pore volume to have enough water to keep the membrane moist and avoid water flooding. The higher the gas humidification temperature, the faster the electrochemical reaction rate. But when the operating current density is high, it will generate too much water, resulting in water flooding and a decrease in the PEMFC performance. Therefore, when the cathode fuel is air and the inlet humidification temperature is 80°C for the anode and 50°C for the cathode, the limiting current density can be effectively extended to maintain the cell performance.

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Rapid degradation characteristics of an air‐cooled PEMFC stack

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles

Optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles

New Control Strategy for Heating Portable Fuel Cell Power Systems for Energy-Efficient and Reliable Operation

Effects of fluorinated ethylene propylene contents in a novel gas diffusion layer on cell performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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