Rapid detection of aflatoxin M1 residues in market milk in Aswan Province, Egypt and effect of probiotics on its residues concentration

Zakaria, Asem Mohammed; Amin, Yahia A.; Khalil, Osama; Abdelhiee, Ehab Yahya; Elkamshishi, Mohammed Morsi

doi:10.5455/javar.2019.f332

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These data were near to some extent to the obtained results where the obtained mean concentration of AFM1 in winter samples was 480 ng/L, and that in summer samples was 230 ng/L. In Aswan, Zakaria et al (2019) documented that 49% of raw milk samples were positive for AFM1 residues. All 37 positive milk samples showed that the level of AFM1 ranged between 0.053 and 0.207 with a mean ±SE of 0.1003 ± 0.008 ppb, these results were lower than ours.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Assessment of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples of some dairy animals from Sohag City, Egypt

elsayed

Elsharkawy

Sharkawy

2023

NFS

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and concentrations of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw buffalo milk samples obtained from four different seasons: winter, spring, summer and autumn in Sohag City, upper Egypt, and compared the determined findings against the several regulations regarding AFM1 that have been legislated by the European Union, US Food and Drug Administration and Egyptian Regulations. Design/methodology/approach Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins in raw buffalo milk samples trailed in different seasons, in Sohag City, Egypt. The aflatoxin that has been included in this survey is AFM1. Milk samples were obtained from February to October 2021. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used as a methodology technique. Findings The results of AFM1 presented the highest frequency of occurrence, with a detected incidence of 85.5% in winter samples, 64.2% in spring samples, 78.5% in summer samples and 78.5% in autumn samples. The positive samples showed concentration range levels of AFM1 between 0.0 and 0.9 µg/kg (12 samples) in winter samples, 0.03 and 1.2 µg/kg in spring milk samples (9 samples), 0.06 and 0.8 µg/kg in summer milk samples (11 samples) and lasted with 0.028 and 0.9 µg/kg in autumn milk samples (11 samples). The percentage of AFM1samples exceeded the maximum residues limit of Egyptian Standard Regulation 2010/7136 last updated, 78%, 57%, 100% and 64% in the four examined seasons, respectively. Originality/value The residue levels of AFM1 obtained in the investigated samples represented a serious concern about the health risk of consumers. Milk is introduced to the diet plan all over the people units especially the offspring ones as it is a complete food that contains a lot of important nutrients. So it is worth to set a regular schedule for monitoring and inspection of dairy products for aflatoxin residues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Assessment of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples of some dairy animals from Sohag City, Egypt

elsayed

Elsharkawy

Sharkawy

2023

NFS

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“…When yogurt is produced from AFM 1 -contaminated milk, the toxin with potential carcinogenic properties can still be present during the process of fermentation, even though the developing acidity can reduce AFM 1 levels through several mechanisms involving peptidoglycans, cell-wall polysaccharides and proteins (59) . Nevertheless, a previous study showed that pasteurisation was not effective in reducing the formation of this toxin (60,62) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Beyond probiotic legend: ESSAP gut microbiota health score to delineate SARS-COV-2 infection severity

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a global health crisis. The gut microbiome critically affects the immune system and some respiratory infections are associated with changes in the gut microbiome, here we evaluated the role of nutritional and lifestyle habits that modulate gut microbiota on COVID-19 outcomes in a longitudinal cohort study that included 200 consecutive patients infected with COVID-19. Of these, 122 cases were mild and 78 were moderate, according to WHO classification. After detailed explanation by a consultant in clinical nutrition, participants responded to a written questionnaire on daily sugar, probiotic and prebiotic intake in food, sleeping hours, exercise duration, and antibiotic prescription, during the past one year before infection. daily consumption of prebiotic-containing foods, less sugar, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and fewer antibiotic prescriptions, led to a milder disease and rapid virus clearance. Additionally, data on these factors were compiled into a single score, the ESSAP score (Exercise, Sugar consumption, Sleeping hours, Antibiotics taken, and Probiotics and Prebiotics administration; 0–11 points), median ESSAP score was 5 for both mild and moderate cases; however, the range was 4–8 in mild cases but 1–6 in moderate (p = 0.001, OR:4.2, 95%CI:1.9-9.1), our results showed a negative correlation between regular consumption of yogurt containing probiotics and disease severity (p = 0.007, OR:1.6, 95%CI:1.1-2.1). Mild COVID-19 disease was associated with 10-20 minutes of daily exercise (p = 0.016), sleeping at least 8 hours daily prescribed antibiotics less than 5 times per year (p = 0.077), ate plenty of prebiotic-containing food.

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“…There are several safety risks associated with milk that originate from exposure of milk to chemicals, microbial contamination, illegal additives, aflatoxins [ 7 – 9 ], veterinary drugs [ 10 , 11 ] and heavy metals [ 12 ]. Heavy metals are one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants that contaminate the milk creating significant risk to consumers [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of grazing around industrial areas on milk heavy metals contamination and reproductive ovarian hormones of she-camel with assessment of some technological processes on reduction of toxic residue concentrations

Zakaria,

Amin,

Zakaria

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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Heavy metals are one of the most toxic chemical pollutants of the environment. Their hazards not restricted to human but extend to animal productivity and reproductively. The present study aimed to assess the impact of grazing around industrial areas on the levels of copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) residues in milk samples collected from dromedary she-camels and studying their effects on some ovarian hormones. In addition, the study aimed to investigate methods of removal of the toxic concentrations of these heavy metals in milk by applying different technological processes. Blood and milk samples were collected from 30 dromedary she-camels, 15 grazing in non-industrial areas (group A) and 15 grazing in industrial areas (group B). Detection of the levels of these heavy metals in milk was done. Ovarian hormones investigation on the blood was performed. Different technological processes such as boiling, skimming and fermentation were applied to all contaminated samples to reduce the toxic concentrations of these heavy metals. Results revealed that all examined milk samples in both groups contained Cu, while 40% of group A and 100 % of group B contained Al residues with different concentrations. The levels of Cu and Al residues in samples of group A not exceeded the maximum residual limit (MRL) set by World Health Organization (WHO) while 60% and 100% of milk samples in group B contained Cu and Al residues exceeded MRL, respectively. Technological processes induce variant changes in the levels of these metals in milk. Heat treatment of milk in Al vats leads to leaching of Al from containers to the milk causing significant increase in Al load, while Cu level was not significantly affected. Boiling in stainless-steel containers decreased the levels of Al and Cu but in non-significant levels. Regarding skimming process, small amount of Cu and Al escaped into the skimmed milk while greater amount were recovered in the cream. Fermentation by probiotic bacteria showed that milk fermentation has non-significant effect on Cu and Al levels. Investigation of ovarian hormones (estrogen and progesterone) revealed presence of a signification reduction in the levels of these hormones in group B compared to group A. In addition, a negative correlation was found between these heavy metals and ovarian hormones concentrations in the blood. It is concluded that grazing of dromedary camels around industrial areas induce heavy metals toxicity represented by excretion of these metals in milk and significant reduction on ovarian function showed by reduction of estrogen and progesterone levels. Technological processes such as skimming decreased the levels of Al and Cu residues in milk.

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Rapid detection of aflatoxin M1 residues in market milk in Aswan Province, Egypt and effect of probiotics on its residues concentration

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Assessment of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples of some dairy animals from Sohag City, Egypt

Assessment of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples of some dairy animals from Sohag City, Egypt

Beyond probiotic legend: ESSAP gut microbiota health score to delineate SARS-COV-2 infection severity

Impact of grazing around industrial areas on milk heavy metals contamination and reproductive ovarian hormones of she-camel with assessment of some technological processes on reduction of toxic residue concentrations

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