“…The colloidal gold-labeled antibody-based immunochromatographic strip is rapid, easy to operate, low cost, is not dependent on professional equipment, and is widely used in poultry disease detection ( Li et al, 2013 ; Qian et al, 2015 ; Yu et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Yu et al, 2020 ), as well as in certain other fields ( Zhao et al, 2008 ; Li et al, 2012 ; Meng et al, 2014 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Guo et al, 2023 ). Zhang et al, (2010) reported the use of IBV colloidal gold immunochromatography for the first time, but their method was only used to detect the antibodies against IBV.…”