2009
DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1256
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Rapid detection of ketamine and norketamine in rat hair using micropulverized extraction and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract: A new method for the rapid and simultaneous detection of ketamine and its major metabolite, norketamine, in rat hair has been developed by combining micropulverized extraction and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. By using reversed-phase UPLC, ketamine and norketamine were well separated within 2 min. Using ketamine-dosed rat hair, the conditions for micropulverized extraction were optimized, and the limits of detection and quantification of the developed method … Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…For hair specimen, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS have been employed in ketamine testing: the detection limit was ranged from 0.1 ng/ mg to 1.7 ng/mg of hair, respectively [18][19][20]. Because of this relative low sensitivity, relative large amounts of hair (about 50 mg) have to be used for such analysis [21][22][23]. Here, a HPLCChip-MS/MS system was developed for the hair-drug testing.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…For hair specimen, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS have been employed in ketamine testing: the detection limit was ranged from 0.1 ng/ mg to 1.7 ng/mg of hair, respectively [18][19][20]. Because of this relative low sensitivity, relative large amounts of hair (about 50 mg) have to be used for such analysis [21][22][23]. Here, a HPLCChip-MS/MS system was developed for the hair-drug testing.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…As can be expected from its pharmacological effects, ketamine has been used in DFCs [8]. Many methods and techniques have been developed, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [16][17][18], high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [19,20] and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) [21,22], to the analysis of ketamine in hair. Identification of ketamine and its metabolites in hair following chronic drug use has been documented previously [16,17,[20][21][22], but has rarely been documented after exposure to a single dose.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ketamine (K), one of the most widely used club drugs and a parenterally administered anesthetic agent, possesses sedative, amnesic and analgesic properties at sub-anesthetic doses [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Due to the rapid onset of effects and short duration of action, it has been used primarily as a veterinary anesthetic and in short-term surgical procedures in humans [2,6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Ketamine is metabolized in the liver by microsomal cytochrome P450 system, yielding at least two compounds of pharmacological interest: norketamine (NK) and dehydronorketamine (DHNK).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%