Rapid determination of minoxidil in human plasma using ion-pair HPLC

Zarghi, Afshin; Shafaati, Alireza; Foroutan, Seyed Mohsen; Khoddam, Arash

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2004.06.007

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Minoxidil sulfate also exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of positive volumetric lymph flow in vivo, exhibiting significant slowing of flow at 1 µmol/L ( Fig. 4 and Table 2), a concentration corresponding to patient plasma concentrations (Lowenthal and Affrime, 1980;TIAFT, 2004;Zarghi et al, 2004). Superfusion of a similar solvent concentration of corresponding DMSO did not significantly alter lymph flow.…”

Section: Kcos Decrease Mesenteric Lymph Flow In Vivomentioning

confidence: 85%

K_ATP Channel Openers Inhibit Lymphatic Contractions and Lymph Flow as a Possible Mechanism of Peripheral Edema

Garner

Stolarz

Stuckey

et al. 2020

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Pharmacological openers of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K + (K ATP) channels are effective antihypertensive agents, but off-target effects, including severe peripheral edema limit their clinical usefulness. It is presumed that the arterial dilation induced by K ATP channel openers (KCOs) increases capillary pressure to promote filtration edema. However, K ATP channels also are expressed by lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs), raising the possibility that KCOs also attenuate lymph flow to increase interstitial fluid. The present study explored the effect of KCOs on lymphatic contractile function and lymph flow. In isolated rat mesenteric lymph vessels (LVs), the prototypic K ATP channel opener cromakalim (0.01-3 µmol/L) progressively inhibited rhythmic contractions and calculated intraluminal flow. Minoxidil sulfate and diazoxide (0.01-100 µmol/L) had similar effects at clinically relevant plasma concentrations. High speed in-vivo imaging of the rat mesenteric lymphatic circulation revealed that superfusion of LVs with cromakalim and minoxidil sulfate (0.01-10 µmol/L) maximally decreased lymph flow in vivo by 38.4% and 27.4%, respectively. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry identified the abundant K ATP channel subunits in LMCs as the pore-forming Kir6.1/6.2 and regulatory SUR2 subunits. Patch-clamp studies detected cromakalim-elicited unitary K + currents in cell-attached patches of LMCs with a single-channel conductance of 46.4 pS, a property consistent with Kir6.1/6.2 tetrameric channels. Addition of minoxidil sulfate and diazoxide elicited unitary currents of similar amplitude. Collectively, our findings indicate that KCOs attenuate lymph flow at clinically relevant plasma concentrations as a potential contributing mechanism to peripheral edema. Significance Statement Potassium channel openers (KCOs) are potent antihypertensive medications, but off-target effects including severe peripheral edema limit their clinical use. Here, we demonstrate that KCOs impair the rhythmic contractions of lymph vessels and attenuate lymph flow, which may promote edema formation. Our finding that the K ATP channels in lymphatic muscle cells may be unique from their counterparts in This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version.

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Section: Kcos Decrease Mesenteric Lymph Flow In Vivomentioning

confidence: 85%

K_ATP Channel Openers Inhibit Lymphatic Contractions and Lymph Flow as a Possible Mechanism of Peripheral Edema

Garner

Stolarz

Stuckey

et al. 2020

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…For the quantification of the drug retained in the skin (SC or viable epidermis), the drug is extracted from the tissue. et al, 2004), the formation of the ionic pair of the drugs with sodium dodecyl sulfate was proposed in this study, as used by Zarghi, Shafaati, Foroutan, and Khoddam (2003) (Zarghi, Shafaati, Foroutan, & Khoddam, 2003), aiming to avoid the elution of MET with possible more hydrophilic interference of the skin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an analytical method by HPLC for simultaneous quantification of methylene blue and metformin applied to in vitro skin permeation and retention studies

Matos

Calixto

Garcı́a

2021

Biomedical Chromatography

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The aim of this study was to develop an HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of metformin (MET) and methylene blue (MB) in in vitro skin permeation/retention studies, in which retention was evaluated in the different layers of the skin [stratum corneum (SC) and the viable epidermis + dermis (VE + D)]. The method was validated considering the following parameters: specificity, linearity, quantitation limit (LOQ), recovery, precision and accuracy. Calibration curves were obtained using the following six matrices: methanol, water, methanolic extracts from the SC and VE + D spiked with the drugs and drugs extracted from the SC and VE + D. The precision, accuracy and LOQ of the method were evaluated in water and in VE + D and SC, applying the drug extraction process. The results show that the method is selective and linear for both drugs. The precision and accuracy values, independent of matrix and drug, were below the limit of 15%. The LOQ of MB was defined as 0.4 μg/ml in the VE + D and SC and 0.8 μg/ml in water. The LOQ of MET was defined as 0.8 μg/ml in the VE + D and SC and 0.4 μg/ml in the water. The recovery of the method was adequate, consistent and reproducible for the concentration range of 0.4-10 μg/ml for MB (73.3-92.1%) and 0.8-10.0 μg/mL for . This method has a potential application in the development of formulation for skin delivery of MB and MET.

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“…pH was adjusted to 5.1 at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min [ 6 ]. In 2004, the same chromatographic conditions (column, mobile phase, and IPR) were used by A. Zarghi et al to determine Minoxidil in human plasma, where wavelength used was set at 281 nm pH was adjusted to 3.5 [ 7 ]. A method for the determination of gemcitabine beside its metabolite (dFdU) in plasma samples was introduced by R. Losa et al in 2005 basing on a C18 (300 × 3.9 mm, 10μm) column.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionisable substances chromatography: A new approach for the determination of Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium in pharmaceuticals using ion – pair HPLC

Andraws

Trefi

2020

Heliyon

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An ion-pair HPLC method was developed and validated to analyze three of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium) in their pure and pharmaceuticals based on their ionisable characteristics. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (Cetrimide) was used as an ion pair reagent since it had not been used before for this purpose. Chromatographic analysis was accomplished using the C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μm) column. Mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 50% Cetrimide M and 50% acetonitrile to analyze Ketoprofen and Etoricoxib, whereas for Diclofenac sodium, mobile phase was a mixture of 30% Cetrimide M and 70% acetonitrile. pH value was adjusted if necessary to 10 with ammonium hydroxide. The flow rate was 1mL/min and detection wavelengths were at 254 nm, 234 nm, and 254 nm for Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium; respectively under ambient temperature. Retention times ( ) were 9.41, 7.34, and 6.66 for Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium; respectively. The proposed method was evaluated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity according to ICH guidelines. Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium were detected in the following linear ranges: (0.031–0.500mg/mL), (0.007–0.110g/mL), and (0.016–0.250mg/mL); respectively with excellent mean recovery values (98.0–102.0%). RSD% was in an acceptable range (less than 2), proving the precision of the developed method. Specificity was proved in the presence of degradation products. Furthermore, a comparison between the results of this study and the reported HPLC methods indicated that this developed method was better in terms of simplicity, analysis time, and no use of buffers in the mobile phase. In conclusion, the developed method can successfully detect Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium quantitatively and qualitatively in their dosage forms without any interference with excipients, making this method valuable, reliable, and practical to be applied in quality control laboratories.

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Rapid determination of minoxidil in human plasma using ion-pair HPLC

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

K_ATP Channel Openers Inhibit Lymphatic Contractions and Lymph Flow as a Possible Mechanism of Peripheral Edema

K_ATP Channel Openers Inhibit Lymphatic Contractions and Lymph Flow as a Possible Mechanism of Peripheral Edema

Developing an analytical method by HPLC for simultaneous quantification of methylene blue and metformin applied to in vitro skin permeation and retention studies

Ionisable substances chromatography: A new approach for the determination of Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium in pharmaceuticals using ion – pair HPLC

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Rapid determination of minoxidil in human plasma using ion-pair HPLC

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

KATP Channel Openers Inhibit Lymphatic Contractions and Lymph Flow as a Possible Mechanism of Peripheral Edema

KATP Channel Openers Inhibit Lymphatic Contractions and Lymph Flow as a Possible Mechanism of Peripheral Edema

Developing an analytical method by HPLC for simultaneous quantification of methylene blue and metformin applied to in vitro skin permeation and retention studies

Ionisable substances chromatography: A new approach for the determination of Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium in pharmaceuticals using ion – pair HPLC

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Product

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K_ATP Channel Openers Inhibit Lymphatic Contractions and Lymph Flow as a Possible Mechanism of Peripheral Edema

K_ATP Channel Openers Inhibit Lymphatic Contractions and Lymph Flow as a Possible Mechanism of Peripheral Edema