Rapid determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in water using solid-phase microextraction and GC/MS

Potter, David W.; Pawliszyn, Janusz

doi:10.1021/es00051a017

Cited by 374 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both soluble organic compounds in liquid and solid pyrolysis products can be conveniently determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC). By collecting a number of products over different stages of pyrolysis, retention times and the peak area percentages characteristic to each product can be automatically calculated and recorded by GC-MS [17][18][19][20]. Further data or profiles such as the absolute intensity and concentration level can also be automatically calculated by integration and by comparing against standard material databases, such as the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) library.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes

Zhou

et al. 2013

Energies

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Pyrolysis-gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used to determine the yield and chemical composition of the pyrolysis products of Schizochytrium limacinum. The pyrolysis was carried out by varying the temperature from 300 °C to 800 °C. It was found that the main decomposition temperature of Schizochytrium limacinum was 428.16 °C, at which up to 66.5% of the mass was lost. A further 18.7% mass loss then occurred in a relatively slow pace until 760.2 °C due to complete decomposition of the ash content of Schizochytrium limacinum. The pyrolysis of Schizochytrium limacinum at 700 °C produced the maximum yield (67.7%) of pyrolysis products compared to 61.2% at 400 °C. While pollutants released at 700 °C (12.3%) was much higher than that of 400 °C (2.1%). Higher temperature will lead to more pollutant (nitrogen compounds and PAHs) release, OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2013, 6 3340 which is harmful to the environment. Considering the reasonably high yield and minimum release of pollutants, a lower pyrolysis temperature (400 °C) was found to be optimum for producing biofuel from Schizochytrium limacinum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes

Zhou

et al. 2013

Energies

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“…All glassware was silanized with a 10% solution of chlorotrimethylsilane in toluene as described by Potter. 36 For cleaning and decontamination of the glassware and the magnetic stir bars prior to use, they were washed with neutral detergent and deionized water and boiled with deionized water for 10 minutes in a microwave oven, followed by rinsing with deionized water and dried in oven at 70 °C. During the extractions, the samples were thermostated by using a heated circulating bath (Cole Parmer, USA).…”

Section: Reagents and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in brazilian breast milk samples using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electron capture detection

Kowalski¹,

Costa²,

Godoy³

et al. 2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um método para a determinação de bifenilas policloradas (PCB) no leite materno foi desenvolvido e aplicado para avaliar a contaminação de amostras procedentes de quatro cidades brasileiras. Os PCB foram extraídos através da Microextração de Fase Sólida e analisados por Cromatografia Gasosa com Detector por Captura de Elétrons. As figuras de mérito estudadas foram linearidade (1 a 16 µg L -1 , r > 0,9884), precisão (RSD < 12%, n = 5), recuperação (71 a 127%) e limite de quantificação (entre 0,45 e 2,42 µg L -1 ). A análise das vinte amostras revelou níveis de PCB acima de 11,8 µg L -1 na região metropolitana de São Paulo, sendo o PCB 153 encontrado em todas essas amostras. Em Vitória/ES e Florianópolis/SC foram encontrados PCB em 100 e 60% das amostras, respectivamente. Nenhuma contaminação foi detectada nas amostras do Rio Branco/Acre. Sendo assim, uma alta correlação entre a contaminação dessas amostras e o nível de industrialização da região foi encontrada.A method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in breast milk was developed and applied to evaluate the contamination of samples that proceed from four Brazilian cities. PCB were extracted by Solid-Phase Microextraction and analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector. The figures of merit studied were linearity (to 16 µg L -1 , r > 0.9884), precision (RSD < 12%, n = 5), recovery (71 to 127%) and limit of quantification (between 0.45 and 2.42 µg L -1 ). The analysis of the twenty samples revealed PCB levels above 11.8 µg L -1 in São Paulo metropolitan area being the PCB 153 found in all these samples. In Vitória/ES and Florianopolis/ SC were found PCB in 100 and 60% of the samples, respectively. No contamination was detected in the samples from Rio Branco/AC. Thus, a high correlation between the contamination of these samples and the level of industrialization of the region was found. Keywords: PCB, HS-SPME, validation, breast milk, contamination IntroductionPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) have been used commercially since 1929 as dielectric and heat exchange fluids as well as in a variety of other applications. However, the distribution of PCB in the environment was not recognized until 1966, when Jensen identified PCB in human and wildlife samples. 1 Owing to their physicochemical properties, these compounds are extremely resistant to chemical and biological degradation and are easily bioaccumulated through the trophic pyramid, 2,3 especially due to their lipophilic character (which causes their accumulation on fat tissues). 4,5 Therefore, the PCB contamination is a serious issue, and despite the fact that their production and use has been banned during the 1970's and 1980's, they are still detected in the ecosystem. [6][7][8] In Brazil, a law implemented in 1981 prohibits the importation, the manufacture, the use and the marketing of PCB and demands the substitution of the electric system equipments in operation only for others that do not contain PCB. Besides, the law prohibits to discard these equipments in sanitary l...

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“…Although the LLE method is a useful and traditional method for sample preparation, this technique has many disadvantages such as consumption of large volume of the toxic high-purity solvent, and tedious, time-consuming, emulsion formation, additionally, poor sensitivity for TCEP [18,19]. While SPE could considerably overcome the drawbacks of LLE, SPE cartridges are susceptible to plugging and expensive [20]. In addition, SPE with Oasis HLB cartridges are not suitable for analysis of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate-basd ionic liquids as advantageous solid-phase micro-extraction coatings for the extraction of organophosphate esters in environmental waters

Shi

Liu

Liang

et al. 2016

Journal of Chromatography A

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a b s t r a c tIonic liquids (ILs) containing the tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [FAP] anion and various cations have great potential in sample preparation because of their excellent hydrophobicity, thermostability and low hydrolysity. In the present study, a [FAP]-based IL, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluoro phosphate ([HMIM][FAP]), was used as coatings of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for extracting organophosphate esters (OPEs) from environmental water samples. This SPME fiber was fabricated by coating a stainless steel wire substrate with [HMIM][FAP] via a simple direct dip-coating approach, and the extraction was conducted by the direct immersion solid phase microextraction. Coupling to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the developed SPME method exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards the extraction of 11 OPEs from aqueous samples. Satisfactory linearity (R 2 ≥ 0.99) of the calibration curves was obtained over the range of 0.05-50.0 ng mLwith the limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N = 10) ranged from 0.13-7.40 ng L −1 and 0.50-24.0 ng L −1 , respectively. The proposed SPME method showed excellent extraction efficiency to OPEs with enrichment factors in the range of 168-2603, and acceptable reproducibility with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤15% for single fiber (n = 7) and ≤16% for fiber-to-fiber (n = 3 × 3) at a concentration level of 0.5 ng mL −1 , respectively. The prepared IL-based fiber was successfully applied to determine eleven common used OPEs in tap water, influent and effluent of sewage treatment plant, with results are comparable to those determined by the reference (UPLC-MS/MS), and spiked recoveries in the range of 84.0-108%, 82.1-123% and 82.8-100%, respectively.

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Rapid determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in water using solid-phase microextraction and GC/MS

Cited by 374 publications

References 21 publications

Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes

Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in brazilian breast milk samples using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electron capture detection

Tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate-basd ionic liquids as advantageous solid-phase micro-extraction coatings for the extraction of organophosphate esters in environmental waters

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