Rapid Discrimination of Fatty Acid Composition in Fats and Oils by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Fatty acids in 42 types of saponified vegetable and animal oils were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the development of their rapid discrimination. The compositions were compared with those analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a more conventional method used in the discrimination of fats and oils. Fatty acids extracted with 2-propanol were detected as deprotonated molecular ions ([M-H] -) in the ESI-MS spectra of the negative-ion mode. The composition obtained by ESI-MS corresponded to the data of the total ion chromatograms by GC-MS. The ESI-MS analysis discriminated the fats and oils within only one minute after starting the measurement. The detection limit for the analysis was approximately 10 -10 g as a sample amount analyzed for one minute. This result showed that the ESI-MS analysis discriminated the fats and oils much more rapidly and sensitively than the GC-MS analysis, which requires several tens of minutes and approximately 10 -9 g. Accordingly, the ESI-MS analysis was found to be suitable for a screening procedure for the discrimination of fats and oils.

Fatty Acid Profile Including Trans Fatty Acid Content of Margarines Marketed in Mexico

“…In countries like New Zealand [17], Costa Rica [7] and Pakistan [4] some unusual fatty acids in vegetable oils as 15:0 and 17:0 were found in margarines [4]. This last fatty acid (17:0) was also found in some margarines marketed in Mexico (present work), it could be due to the incorporation of animal fats in margarine production since almost all animal fats contain 17:0 fatty acid [18]. Table 6 also shows that in Mexico as well as in Turkey [19,20], Pakistan [4,21], Costa Rica [7] and New Zealand [17] is common to use palm or coconut oil in margarines indicated by the high content of 16:0 found, with values as high as 44% of total fatty acids.…”

Discrimination of n‐3 Rich Oils by Gas Chromatography

“…An overview of the different instrumental techniques used for the analysis of plant, fish and marine mammal oils in studies where the terms discrimination, adulteration, classification, profiling, differentiation, authentication or characterization have been a vital and important component of the various studies revealed that the focus has been on plant oils [3–41] by using mainly different types of chromatography, infrared absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry techniques. Studies on fish and marine mammal oils are scarce [41–47].…”

“…An overview of the different instrumental techniques used for the analysis of plant, fish and marine mammal oils in studies where the terms discrimination, adulteration, classification, profiling, differentiation, authentication or characterization have been a vital and important component of the various studies revealed that the focus has been on plant oils [3–41] by using mainly different types of chromatography, infrared absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry techniques. Studies on fish and marine mammal oils are scarce [41–47]. In addition, the literature overview revealed that multivariate techniques, especially principal component analysis (PCA), were the preferred data analysis approaches used in the majority of these oil discrimination studies [3, 5, 8, 10–14, 16, 17, 19–22, 25–28, 30, 34–38, 40, 42–44, 46, 47] and that the potential of simple techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) has not been explored yet in the discrimination of fish and marine mammal oils by using the conventional fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles.…”

Pemanfaatan Katalis Ni/Zeolit Pada Hidrogenasi Katalitik Etil Palmitat Menjadi Setil Alkohol

“…Komposisi asam palmitat selalu ada dalam berbagai minyak dan lemak, namun besar kecilnya berbeda antara satu sumber dengan lainnya, misalnya; minyak sawit 43,1 %, minyak kelapa 9,8 %, minyak bunga matahari 6,08 %, minyak biji kapas 20-25 %, mentega 24-26 %, lemak babi 28-30 %, lemak unggas 24-32 %, pelumas 23-24 %, minyak zaitun 9,10 %, minyak jagung 8-12%, minyak kedelai 6-10 %, dan minyak kacang tanah 8-9 % serta minyak canola 4-5 % (Knothe et al, 1997;Kurata et al, 2005).…”