Rapid diversification associated with ecological specialization in Neotropical<i>Adelpha</i>butterflies

Ebel, Emily R.; DaCosta, Jeffrey M.; Sorenson, Michael D.; Hill, Ryan I.; Briscoe, Adriana D.; Willmott, Keith R.; Mullen, Sean P.

doi:10.1111/mec.13168

Cited by 76 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Contrary to this prediction, we found that unpalatable A. iphiclus was attacked significantly less than palatable A. serpa (palatability assumptions based on larval host plant use ;Aiello 1984;Ebel et al 2015), suggesting that A. serpa does not benefit from sharing a convergent wing pattern with A. iphiclus. Contrary to this prediction, we found that unpalatable A. iphiclus was attacked significantly less than palatable A. serpa (palatability assumptions based on larval host plant use ;Aiello 1984;Ebel et al 2015), suggesting that A. serpa does not benefit from sharing a convergent wing pattern with A. iphiclus.…”

Section: Mimicrycontrasting

confidence: 99%

Complex dynamics underlie the evolution of imperfect wing pattern convergence in butterflies

2017

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Adaptive radiation is characterized by rapid diversification that is strongly associated with ecological specialization. However, understanding the evolutionary mechanisms fueling adaptive diversification requires a detailed knowledge of how natural selection acts at multiple life-history stages. Butterflies within the genus Adelpha represent one of the largest and most diverse butterfly lineages in the Neotropics. Although Adelpha species feed on an extraordinary diversity of larval hosts, convergent evolution is widespread in this group, suggesting that selection for mimicry may contribute to adaptive divergence among species. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted predation studies in Costa Rica using artificial butterfly facsimiles. Specifically, we predicted that nontoxic, palatable Adelpha species that do not feed on host plants in the family Rubiaceae would benefit from sharing a locally convergent wing pattern with the presumably toxic Rubiaceae-feeding species via reduced predation. Contrary to expectations, we found that the presumed mimic was attacked significantly more than its locally convergent model at a frequency paralleling attack rates on both novel and palatable prey. Although these data reveal the first evidence for protection from avian predators by the supposed toxic, Rubiaceae-feeding Adelpha species, we conclude that imprecise mimetic patterns have high costs for Batesian mimics in the tropics.

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Section: Mimicrycontrasting

confidence: 99%

Complex dynamics underlie the evolution of imperfect wing pattern convergence in butterflies

2017

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“…As a powerful and the most-commonly-used approach, RAD sequencing has limitations. Key among these is the reliance on restriction enzyme digestion in the workflow, which limits the approach to use with vertebrates, or relatively large arthropods, from which a sufficiently-large quantity of DNA can be extracted from individuals (e.g., stickleback fish, [70]; land snails, [74]; butterflies, [76]). NextRAD substitutes transposomes for restriction enzymes, necessitating less DNA per sample and thus allowing the approach to be used with small amounts of DNA [32, 33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using NextRAD sequencing to infer movement of herbivores among host plants

Epstein

Kelley

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Herbivores often move among spatially interspersed host plants, tracking high-quality resources through space and time. This dispersal is of particular interest for vectors of plant pathogens. Existing molecular tools to track such movement have yielded important insights, but often provide insufficient genetic resolution to infer spread at finer spatiotemporal scales. Here, we explore the use of Nextera-tagmented reductively-amplified DNA (NextRAD) sequencing to infer movement of a highly-mobile winged insect, the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), among host plants. The psyllid vectors the pathogen that causes zebra chip disease in potato (Solanum tuberosum), but understanding and managing the spread of this pathogen is limited by uncertainty about the insect’s host plant(s) outside of the growing season. We identified 1,978 polymorphic loci among psyllids separated spatiotemporally on potato or in patches of bittersweet nightshade (S. dulcumara), a weedy plant proposed to be the source of potato-colonizing psyllids. A subset of the psyllids on potato exhibited genetic similarity to insects on nightshade, consistent with regular movement between these two host plants. However, a second subset of potato-collected psyllids was genetically distinct from those collected on bittersweet nightshade; this suggests that a currently unrecognized source, i.e., other nightshade patches or a third host-plant species, could be contributing to psyllid populations in potato. Oftentimes, dispersal of vectors of pathogens must be tracked at a fine scale in order to understand, predict, and manage disease spread. We demonstrate that emerging sequencing technologies that detect genome-wide SNPs of a vector can be used to infer such localized movement.

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“…It is therefore important to establish a phylogenetic and ecological framework for recently emerged continental clades that are widespread, species-rich, and ecologically diverse. The study of such recent radiations can ultimately provide further insight into the factors that have shaped macroevolutionary patterns across a continent [10,11,[17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence across a continent: adaptive diversification in a recent radiation of Australian lizards

Blom

Horner²,

Moritz

2016

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Recent radiations are important to evolutionary biologists, because they provide an opportunity to study the mechanisms that link micro-and macroevolution. The role of ecological speciation during adaptive radiation has been intensively studied, but radiations can arise from a diversity of evolutionary processes; in particular, on large continental landmasses where allopatric speciation might frequently precede ecological differentiation. It is therefore important to establish a phylogenetic and ecological framework for recent continental-scale radiations that are species-rich and ecologically diverse. Here, we use a genomic (approx. 1 200 loci, exon capture) approach to fit branch lengths on a summary-coalescent species tree and generate a time-calibrated phylogeny for a recent and ecologically diverse radiation of Australian scincid lizards; the genus Cryptoblepharus. We then combine the phylogeny with a comprehensive phenotypic dataset for over 800 individuals across the 26 species, and use comparative methods to test whether habitat specialization can explain current patterns of phenotypic variation in ecologically relevant traits. We find significant differences in morphology between species that occur in distinct environments and convergence in ecomorphology with repeated habitat shifts across the continent. These results suggest that isolated analogous habitats have provided parallel ecological opportunity and have repeatedly promoted adaptive diversification. By contrast, speciation processes within the same habitat have resulted in distinct lineages with relatively limited morphological variation. Overall, our study illustrates how alternative diversification processes might have jointly stimulated species proliferation across the continent and generated a remarkably diverse group of Australian lizards.

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Rapid diversification associated with ecological specialization in NeotropicalAdelphabutterflies

Cited by 76 publications

References 99 publications

Complex dynamics underlie the evolution of imperfect wing pattern convergence in butterflies

Complex dynamics underlie the evolution of imperfect wing pattern convergence in butterflies

Using NextRAD sequencing to infer movement of herbivores among host plants

Convergence across a continent: adaptive diversification in a recent radiation of Australian lizards

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