Rapid early Miocene exhumation of the Ladakh batholith, western Himalaya

Kirstein, Linda A.; Sinclair, H. Q.; Stuart, Finlay M.; Dobson, Katherine J.

doi:10.1130/g22857a.1

Cited by 49 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, this shear zone becomes a thrust 22,39 in the southeast around Leh. SSZ contains dismembered ultramafics-mafic and sedimentary bodies along the Nubra-Shyok Valleys, where these are thrust over LB or Shyok Volcanics 16,40 .…”

Section: Geological Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When ZFT ages from the Kargil pluton are taken into consideration 46 ( Supplementary Table 1), the batholiths yields an overall single uniform ZFT age population. 45 and published FT data, and zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He (ZHe, AHe) ages 21,22 of the LB and the Deosai Batholith in the west 20 . Thus it covers a temperature range from 230  20 to ~55C -the annealing temperatures of ZFT and AHe respectively.…”

Section: Cooling History Of Lbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 Ar/ 39 Ar hornblende, biotite and K-feldspar ages between 52 and 44 Ma record an Early Eocene rapid cooling and a slow cooling between c. 30 and 10 Ma (refs 15,18), like the Deosai plateau in the west 20 . In contrast, (U-Th)/He zircon-apatite and apatite fission-track (AFT) ages reveal rapid Early Miocene 22  2 Ma cooling of the LB 21,22 . Radioactive decay of a parent nuclide and the accumulation of a corresponding daughter product are used to date either the crystallization age or cooling age of a mineral in the disciplines of geochronology and thermochronology 23 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Alternatively, architecture of the Himalaya has resulted from a combination of tectonics, focused precipitation, climatedriven erosion and/or recent glacially enhanced denudation 5,9,12 . In contrast to the Himalayan domain, exhumation models are inadequate for the Trans-Himalayan Andeantype Ladakh Batholith (LB), which was emplaced during Early Cretaceous-Lower Eocene ( Figure 1) [13][14][15][16][17] , and subsequently cooled and exhumed either during EarlyMiddle Eocene [18][19][20] or Early Miocene 21,22 . These models range from effects of thrusting along the MCT 21 , its northwards tilting 22 or effects of the Karakoram Fault Zone 18 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the Himalayan domain, exhumation models are inadequate for the Trans-Himalayan Andeantype Ladakh Batholith (LB), which was emplaced during Early Cretaceous-Lower Eocene ( Figure 1) [13][14][15][16][17] , and subsequently cooled and exhumed either during EarlyMiddle Eocene [18][19][20] or Early Miocene 21,22 . These models range from effects of thrusting along the MCT 21 , its northwards tilting 22 or effects of the Karakoram Fault Zone 18 . 40 Ar/ 39 Ar hornblende, biotite and K-feldspar ages between 52 and 44 Ma record an Early Eocene rapid cooling and a slow cooling between c. 30 and 10 Ma (refs 15,18), like the Deosai plateau in the west 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early–Middle Eocene Exhumation of the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith, and the India–Asia Convergence

Kumar¹,

Jain²,

Lal³

et al. 2017

Current Science

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Section: Geological Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cooling History Of Lbmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Early–Middle Eocene Exhumation of the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith, and the India–Asia Convergence

Kumar¹,

Jain²,

Lal³

et al. 2017

Current Science

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Exhumation history of the Tatry Mountains, Western Carpathians, constrained by low‐temperature thermochronology

Śmigielski¹,

Sinclair

Stuart

et al. 2016

Tectonics

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This study tests alternative models for the growth of the Tatry Mountains (Central Western Carpathians) by the application of low-temperature thermochronology. Zircon (U + Th)/He ages from the north of the range are mostly between 48 and 37 Ma and indicate cooling prior to the onset of fore-arc sedimentation in the region (42-39 Ma). In contrast, zircon (U + Th)/He ages in the south of the range are around 22 Ma. Apatite fission track ages across the sampled sites range from 20 to 15 Ma. Apatite (U + Th)/He ages range from 18 to 14 Ma with little variation with elevation or horizontal location. Based on thermal modeling and tectonic reconstructions, these Miocene ages are interpreted as cooling in the hanging wall of a northward dipping thrust ramp in the current location of the sub-Tatric fault with cooling rates of 20°C/Myr at~22-14 Ma. Modeled cooling histories require an abrupt deceleration in cooling after~14 Ma to <5°C/Myr. This is associated with termination of deformation in the Outer Carpathians and is synchronous with the transition of the Pannonian Basin from a syn-rift to a postrift stage and with termination of N-S compression in the northern part of the Central Western Carpathians. Overall, the timing of shortening and exhumation is synchronous with the formation of the Outer Carpathian orogen and so the Miocene exhumation of the Tatry records retrovergent thrusting at the northern margin of the Alcapa microplate.

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Spatial variation in exhumation rates across Ladakh and the Karakoram: New apatite fission track data from the Eastern Karakoram, NW India

et al. 2016

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Characterization of low-temperature cooling histories and associated exhumation rates is critical for deciphering the recent evolution of orogenic regions. However, these may vary significantly over relatively short distances within orogens. It is pertinent therefore to constrain cooling histories and hence exhumation rates across major tectonic boundaries. We report the first apatite fission track ages from the Karakoram Fault Zone in the Eastern Karakoram range, which forms part of the western margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Ten samples, from elevations of 3477-4875 m, have apatite fission track dates from 3.3 ± 0.3 Ma to 7.4 ± 1.1 Ma. The ages correspond to modeled average erosional exhumation rates of 0.67 + 0.27/À0.18 mm/yr across the Eastern Karakoram. The results are consistent with a trend northward from the Indus suture zone, across the Ladakh terrane and into the Karakoram, in which tectonic uplift associated with crustal thickening increases toward the north, raising elevation and promoting glaciation and generation of extreme relief. As a result, erosion and exhumation rates increase south to north. Present-day precipitation on the other hand varies little within the study area and on a larger scale decreases southwest to northeast across this portion of the orogen. The Eastern Karakoram results highlight the diverse patterns of exhumation driven by regional variations in tectonic response to collision along the western margin of Tibet.

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Rapid early Miocene exhumation of the Ladakh batholith, western Himalaya

Cited by 49 publications

References 37 publications

Early–Middle Eocene Exhumation of the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith, and the India–Asia Convergence

Early–Middle Eocene Exhumation of the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith, and the India–Asia Convergence

Exhumation history of the Tatry Mountains, Western Carpathians, constrained by low‐temperature thermochronology

Spatial variation in exhumation rates across Ladakh and the Karakoram: New apatite fission track data from the Eastern Karakoram, NW India

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