Rapid electrocapillary deformation of liquid metal with reversible shape retention

Gough, Ryan C.; Morishita, Andy M.; Dang, Jonathan H.; Moorefield, Matthew R.; Shiroma, Wayne A.; Ohta, Aaron T.

doi:10.1515/nano.s40486-015-0017-z

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Surface tension is a contractive tendency of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force. 30 Generally, the smaller the surface tension, the easier the foam formation and the better the foam stability. 29 , 31 This is mainly because less work should be done during the formation of bubbles in the solution with smaller surface tension.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Additives on the Foam Behavior of Aviation Coolants: Tendency, Stability, and Defoaming

Mao¹,

Chen

Li³

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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The foam tendency of aviation coolants (ACs) can be greatly influenced by additives. This study investigates the effect of additives on foam behaviors based on four commercial ACs and glycol aqueous solutions added with different additives. Experimental results show that the foam tendency of ACs can be greatly influenced by surfactants; however, inorganic salts have little effect on foam tendency. The volume of generated foam reaches up to 350 mL after ventilation for an AC with a surfactant, much larger than 40 mL of an AC with an inorganic salt. The surface tension of ACs reduces with the addition of surfactants, the lower the surface tension, the more the foam formation. Furthermore, the presence of arranged surfactants at the gas–solution interface can increase the intermolecular forces and enhance the liquid and viscosity of film elasticity, thereby enhancing the foam stability. Besides, the surfactants would weaken the gas diffusion of foams and affect the defoaming property of ACs accordingly.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Additives on the Foam Behavior of Aviation Coolants: Tendency, Stability, and Defoaming

Mao¹,

Chen

Li³

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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“…The liquid-metal nodes can be merged and split using three different actuation schemes: 1) pressure-point actuation, where the liquid metal is actuated by pressing on the encapsulating PDMS; 2) surface-tension self-splitting, where the geometric shape of the node itself exerts a separating force on merged nodes; and 3) electrocapillary actuation (ECA), where the liquid metal is actuated by a DC electrical signal [14], [21]. It is also possible to use combinations of these actuation schemes to merge and split the nodes depending on the actuation force used.…”

Section: Liquid-metal Actuation Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ECA is a high-speed reversible actuation method that is capable of deforming liquid metal at rates of over 120 mm/s [14]. A low-voltage, low-power DC signal is used to induce a surface-tension gradient at the interface between the liquid metal and the surrounding electrolyte, causing the liquid metal to stretch toward the positive potential.…”

Section: Electrocapillary Actuation (Eca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The liquid metal immediately recovers its shape in the absence of an applied voltage to retain its minimum surface-energy state. This phenomenon is constrained by the high width-to-height ratio (30:1) of the liquid-metal channel [14]. This condition is satisfied by using a node height of 240 µm.…”

Section: Electrocapillary Actuation (Eca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past few years, liquid metal has emerged as a method for reconfiguring various RF components such as filters, switches, and antennas [5]- [9]. One type of liquid metal is Galinstan (Geratherm Medical AG), an alloy of gallium, indium and tin that is liquid at room temperature, has good electrical conductivity (3.4 × 10 6 S/m) [10], and can be actuated both hydraulically [11], [12] and electrically [13], [14]. By replacing the pixelated conductive elements in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid-Metal Nodal Sheet for Reconfigurable Devices and Circuits

et al. 2020

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Gallium-based liquid metals have attracted attention as a conductive adaptable material that can be shaped to obtain reconfigurability. We demonstrate a two-dimensional array of liquid-metal conductive nodes, in which reconfigurability is achieved by merging and splitting adjacent nodes to reversibly shape a two-dimensional structure. The nodes are reconfigured using three different actuation schemes: 1) pressurepoint actuation, where the liquid metal is actuated by pressing on the flexible superstrate; 2) surface-tension self-splitting, where the geometric shape of the node itself exerts a separating force on merged nodes; and 3) electrocapillary actuation where the liquid metal is actuated by a DC electrical signal. This is the first demonstration of a reconfigurable liquid-metal pixel array using liquid-liquid interconnects for prototyping reconfigurable devices. As a proof of concept, the proposed actuation techniques are used to reconfigure a liquidmetal nodal patch antenna, in which the liquid-metal nodes are reversibly connected and disconnected to change the operating frequency and polarization. INDEX TERMS Liquid metal, reconfigurable antenna, electrocapillary actuation, Galinstan.

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Concept of vertical liquid metal actuated cyclo‐olefin‐polymer based embedded 360° steerable Yagi‐Uda antenna

Goff

Quéré

Maalouf

et al. 2021

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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The concept of a reconfigurable 5GHz microfluidically actuated antenna with beam forming, steering and hoping in a 360 angular range, is presented in this paper. Its architecture is that of a Yagi-Uda array. Its actuation relies on the electrically controlled vertical displacement of liquid metal slugs inside microfluidic channels without the need of any external actuator. Simulations results along two fabricated proofs of concept investigating RF and microfluidic actuation performances are presented. This paper aims at demonstrating the technical soundness and interest of this design for applications such as autonomous sensors networks.

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Rapid electrocapillary deformation of liquid metal with reversible shape retention

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Additives on the Foam Behavior of Aviation Coolants: Tendency, Stability, and Defoaming

Effect of Additives on the Foam Behavior of Aviation Coolants: Tendency, Stability, and Defoaming

Liquid-Metal Nodal Sheet for Reconfigurable Devices and Circuits

Concept of vertical liquid metal actuated cyclo‐olefin‐polymer based embedded 360° steerable Yagi‐Uda antenna

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