Rapid evolution of a bacterial parasite during outbreaks in two <i>Daphnia</i> populations

Shaw, Cheng-Kuang; Duffy, Meghan A.

doi:10.1002/ece3.9676

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Our study presents evidence that P. ramosa could evolve over the course of outbreaks, which supports earlier findings (Gowler et al, 2022;Shaw and Duffy, 2023). However, due to the small sample sizes at different sampling dates for each lake and host species in our study, these results could also be due to sampling different genotypes at different sampling dates by chance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Walsh, Mill, Cedar and Crooked (W) lakes are all within 2.7 km of each other in the Waterloo State Recreation Area. We also found the same parasite genotypes across lakes in a different study which analysed samples collected in a different year (Shaw and Duffy, 2023). It is possible that recreational use of these lakes as well as transport by waterfowl (Green and Figuerola, 2005) could move parasites between lakes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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A common multi-host parasite shows genetic structuring at the host species and population levels

Shaw,

Bilich,

Duffy

2024

Parasitology

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Although individual parasite species commonly infect many populations across physical space as well as multiple host species, the extent to which parasites traverse physical and phylogenetic distances is unclear. Population genetic analyses of parasite populations can reveal how parasites move across space or between host species, including helping assess whether a parasite is more likely to infect a different host species in the same location or the same host species in a different location. Identifying these transmission barriers could be exploited for effective disease control. Here, we analysed population genetic structuring of the parasite Pasteuria ramosa in daphniid host species from different lakes. Outbreaks occurred most often in the common host species Daphnia dentifera and Daphnia retrocurva. The genetic distance between parasite samples tended to be smaller when samples were collected from the same lake, the same host species and closer in time. Within lakes, the parasite showed structure by host species and sampling date; within a host species, the parasite showed structure by lake and sampling date. However, despite this structuring, we found the same parasite genotype infecting closely related host species, and we sometimes found the same genotype in nearby lakes. Thus, P. ramosa experiences challenges infecting different host species and moving between populations, but doing so is possible. In addition, the structuring by sampling date indicates potential adaptation to or coevolution with host populations and supports prior findings that parasite population structure is dynamic during outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

A common multi-host parasite shows genetic structuring at the host species and population levels

Shaw,

Bilich,

Duffy

2024

Parasitology

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“…This might result from a mismatch with host susceptibility, density, or resource availability (Figure 4; Duffy et al, 2015;Stewart Merrill et al, 2021). For instance, P. ramosa has strong genotypic specificity with hosts (Carius et al, 2001;Luijckx et al, 2011), and P. ramosa genetic diversity can change over time (Shaw & Duffy, 2023), with evidence for Red Queen dynamics between Daphnia and P. ramosa (Decaestecker et al, 2007). A mismatch between the host and parasite genotypes present may explain why Walsh Lake had relatively high P. ramosa mean spore concentrations but did not experience a significant outbreak (only very low levels of infection; Appendix S1: Figure S1); these spores may have been produced during an outbreak in an earlier F I G U R E 4 Lakes with higher mean concentrations of Ordospora pajunii, Metschnikowia bicuspidata, and Blastulidium paedophthorum had outbreaks of these parasites (solid lines indicate outbreaks; triangles represent the beginning of outbreaks).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does parasite environmental transmission stage concentration change before, during, and after disease outbreaks?

Davenport,

Dziuba,

Jacobson

et al. 2024

Ecology

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Outbreaks of environmentally transmitted parasites require that susceptible hosts encounter transmission stages in the environment and become infected, but we also know that transmission stages can be in the environment without triggering disease outbreaks. One challenge in understanding the relationship between environmental transmission stages and disease outbreaks is that the distribution and abundance of transmission stages outside of their hosts have been difficult to quantify. Thus, we have limited data about how changes in transmission stage abundance influence disease dynamics; moreover, we do not know whether the relationship between transmission stages and outbreaks differs among parasite species. We used digital PCR to quantify the environmental transmission stages of five parasites in six lakes in southeastern Michigan every 2 weeks from June to November 2021. At the same time, we quantified infection prevalence in hosts and host density. Our study focused on eight zooplankton host species (Daphnia spp. and Ceriodaphnia dubia) and five of their parasites from diverse taxonomic groups (bacteria, yeast, microsporidia, and oomycete) with different infection mechanisms. We found that parasite transmission stage concentration increased prior to disease outbreaks for all parasites. However, parasites differed significantly in the relative timing of peaks in transmission stage concentration and infection outbreaks. The “continuous shedder” parasites had transmission stage peaks at the same time as or slightly after the outbreak peaks. In contrast, parasites relying on host death for transmission (“obligate killers”) had transmission stage peaks before outbreak peaks. For most parasites, lakes with outbreaks had higher spore concentrations than those without outbreaks, especially once an outbreak began; the exception was for a parasite, Pasteuria ramosa, with very strong genotypic specificity of infection. Overall, our results show that disease outbreaks are tightly linked to transmission stage concentration; outbreaks were preceded by increases in transmission stage concentration in the environment and then were fueled by the production of more transmission stages during the outbreak itself, with concentrations decreasing to pre‐outbreak levels as outbreaks waned. Thus, tracking transmission stages in the environment improves our understanding of the drivers of disease outbreaks and reveals how parasite traits may affect these dynamics.

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Inconsistent dilution: experimental but not field evidence for a dilution effect in Daphnia–bacteria interactions

Fearon,

Gowler,

Duffy

2023

Oecologia

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Rapid evolution of a bacterial parasite during outbreaks in two Daphnia populations

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

A common multi-host parasite shows genetic structuring at the host species and population levels

A common multi-host parasite shows genetic structuring at the host species and population levels

How does parasite environmental transmission stage concentration change before, during, and after disease outbreaks?

Inconsistent dilution: experimental but not field evidence for a dilution effect in Daphnia–bacteria interactions

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