Rapid Evolution of H7N9 Highly Pathogenic Viruses that Emerged in China in 2017

Shi, Jianzhong; Deng, Guohua; Ma, Shujie; Zeng, Xianying; Yin, Xin; Li, Mei; Zhang, Bo; Cui, Pengfei; Yan, Chen; Yang, Huanliang; Wan, Xiaopeng; Liu, Liling; Chen, Pucheng; Jiang, Yongping; Guan, Yuntao; Liu, Jinxiong; Gu, Wenli; Shuyu, Han; Song, Yangming; Liu, Liang; Qu, Zhiyuan; Hou, Yujie; Wang, Xiurong; Bao, Hongmei; Tian, Guobin; Li, Yanbing; Li, Jiang; Liu, Chengjun; Chen, Hualan

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.08.006

Cited by 219 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Each genome segment of HE30‐1, with the exception of the NA (N3) segment, was compared at the nucleotide level with each segment of A/duck/Fujian/SE0195/2018 (FJ‐SE0195) (H7N2), which is a G9 genotype reassortant between an H7N9 HPAIV of the G8 genotype and an unknown duck virus and is highly pathogenic for domestic ducks (Shi et al, ), along with each segment of A/environment/Fujian/S10058/2017 (FJ‐S10058) (H7N9), A/duck/Japan/AQ‐HE29‐52/2017 (HE29‐52) (H7N9) and A/duck/Japan/AQ‐HE29‐22/2017 (HE29‐22) (H7N9). The latter two viruses were isolated from duck meat brought illegally from China to Japan, like HE30‐1 (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The zoonotic H7N9 AIVs could not replicate well in domestic ducks, and even if they were able to replicate, they were shed less frequently from ducks than from chickens (Hiono et al, ; Pantin‐Jackwood et al, ; Shibata, Okamatsu, et al, ; Tanikawa et al, ). However, recently, novel H7N9 and H7N2 reassortants of the zoonotic H7N9 AIVs have been detected in ducks in China (Shi et al, ). Phylogenetic analysis disclosed that these reassortants were generated by reassortment between the zoonotic H7N9 AIVs and unknown duck AIVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel H7N3 reassortant originating from the zoonotic H7N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that has adapted to ducks

Nakayama

Uchida

Shibata

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The first human case of zoonotic H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) infection was reported in March 2013 in China. This virus continues to circulate in poultry in China while mutating to highly pathogenic AIVs (HPAIVs). Through monitoring at airports in Japan, a novel H7N3 reassortant of the zoonotic H7N9 HPAIVs, A/duck/Japan/AQ‐HE30‐1/2018 (HE30‐1), was detected in a poultry meat product illegally brought by a passenger from China into Japan. We analysed the genetic, pathogenic and antigenic characteristics of HE30‐1 by comparing it with previous zoonotic H7N9 AIVs and their reassortants. Phylogenetic analysis of the entire HE30‐1 genomic sequence revealed that it comprised at least three different sources; the HA (H7), PB1, PA, NP, M and NS segments of HE30‐1 were directly derived from H7N9 AIVs, whereas the NA (N3) and PB2 segments of HE30‐1 were unrelated to zoonotic H7N9. Experimental infection revealed that HE30‐1 was lethal in chickens but not in domestic or mallard ducks. HE30‐1 was shed from and replicated in domestic and mallard ducks and chickens, whereas previous zoonotic H7N9 AIVs have not adapted well to ducks. This finding suggests the possibility that HE30‐1 may disseminate to remote area by wild bird migration once it establishes in wild bird population. A haemagglutination‐inhibition assay indicated that antigenic drift has occurred among the reassortants of zoonotic H7N9 AIVs; HE30‐1 showed similar antigenicity to some of those H7N9 AIVs, suggesting it might be prevented by the H5/H7 inactivated vaccine that was introduced in China in 2017. Our study reports the emergence of a new reassortant of zoonotic H7N9 AIVs with novel viral characteristics and warns of the challenge we still face to control the zoonotic H7N9 AIVs and their reassortants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel H7N3 reassortant originating from the zoonotic H7N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that has adapted to ducks

Nakayama

Uchida

Shibata

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considering that (a) the patient had no history of avian exposure except to the ducks in his farm, (b) the samples from his or his neighbor's farm were H7‐positive by real‐time RT‐PCR, and (c) the genetic relatedness to duck viruses, the source of infection could be the virus circulated in the duck farms. HPAI H7 virus in ducks was also detected in Fujian in 2017 . It further supported that these HPAI H7N9 variants may generate in ducks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of waterfowl‐originated gene cassettes in HPAI H7N9 viruses caused severe human infection in Fujian, China

Yang

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2019

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H7N9) virus emerged and caused human infections during the 2016‐2017 epidemic wave of influenza A(H7N9) viruses in China. We report a human infection with HPAI H7N9 virus and six environmental isolates in Fujian Province, China. Methods Environmental surveillance was conducted in live poultry markets and poultry farms in Fujian, China. Clinical and epidemiologic data and samples were collected. Real‐time RT‐PCRs were conducted for each sample, and H7‐positive samples were isolated using embryonated chicken eggs. Full genomes of the isolates were obtained by next‐generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis and antigenic analysis were conducted. Results A 59‐year‐old man who raised about 1000 ducks was identified as HPAI H7N9 infection. Six HPAI H7 viruses were isolated from environmental samples, including five H7N9 viruses and one H7N6 virus. Phylogenetic results showed the human and environmental viruses are highly genetically diverse and containing significantly different gene constellation from that of other HPAI H7N9 previously reported. The internal genes derived from H7N9/H9N2, H5N6, and the Eurasian wild‐bird gene pool, indicating waterfowl‐originated genotypes, have emerged in HPAI H7N9/N6 viruses and caused human infection. Conclusion The new genotypes raise the concern that these HPAI H7 viruses might transmit back into migratory birds and spread to other countries as the HPAI H5Nx viruses. Considering their capability of causing severe infections in both human and poultry, the HPAI H7 viruses in this study pose a risk to public health and the poultry industry and highlight the importance of sustained surveillance of these viruses.

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“…Moreover, virus subtyping was usually delayed due to difficulties in recognizing novel serotype of influenza virus in clinic setting. Recent regular surveillance from Chinese Minister of Agriculture showed that H10N8 virus still existed in the poultry …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sandwich ELISA for detecting the hemagglutinin of avian influenza A (H10N8) virus

Ruan

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Novel influenza A virus (H10N8) infected human with fatality in China during 2013‐2014. It is important to detect such nonprevalent subtype influenza A virus in clinic and regular surveillance in the early stage for effective control and prevention from the potential pandemic. Unavailability of convenient rapid diagnosis for this subtype virus in resources‐limited setting is an obstacle for timely recognizing human case. In the present study, a panel of mouse H10 specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was generated, two of which were used to develop a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the hemagglutinin of avian influenza A (H10N8) virus. ELISA results showed high sensitivity with the lowest detection limit of 0.5HAU/50 μL for live virus, which laid a foundation for clinic use as a promising diagnostic methodology.

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Rapid Evolution of H7N9 Highly Pathogenic Viruses that Emerged in China in 2017

Cited by 219 publications

References 48 publications

A novel H7N3 reassortant originating from the zoonotic H7N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that has adapted to ducks

A novel H7N3 reassortant originating from the zoonotic H7N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that has adapted to ducks

Emergence of waterfowl‐originated gene cassettes in HPAI H7N9 viruses caused severe human infection in Fujian, China

A sandwich ELISA for detecting the hemagglutinin of avian influenza A (H10N8) virus

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