Rapid extraction of high- and low-density microplastics from soil using high-gradient magnetic separation

Ramage, Stuart  John Frederick Forde; Pagaling, Eulyn; Haghi, Reza; Dawson, Lorna; Yates, Kyari; Prabhu, Radhakrishna; Hillier, S. J.; Devalla, Sandhya

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154912

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The adsorption efficiency of modified iron nanoparticles depends on the hydrophobicity and crystallinity of MPs [ 101 ]. Furthermore, the presence of organic and inorganic particles in the media hinders the ability of the iron nanoparticles to contact the MPs, which may account for the decreased extraction efficiency observed in sediments [ 96 , 98 ]. Additionally, the extraction process results in the fragmentation of brittle MPs.…”

Section: Unveiling Microplastics In the Environment: Advances And Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the extraction process results in the fragmentation of brittle MPs. Moreover, Ramage et al employed hydrophobized iron nanoparticles along with the high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) technique for the extraction of MPs from four soil types, namely, loam, high-carbon loamy sand, sandy loam, and high-clay sandy loam [ 98 ]. By utilizing an electromagnetic field and magnetically susceptible wires, HGMS systems can produce steep gradients that result in a net force on the particles, causing their separation via competition between magnetic and gravity settling forces.…”

Section: Unveiling Microplastics In the Environment: Advances And Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique enables the processing of each sample within 30 min, which marks a significant reduction from the 2–3 days required by the density separation method. The recovery rate obtained (>88%) is dependent on several factors, including MPs’ size, soil mineralogy, and carbon content [ 98 ]. Regarding electrostatic separation, its application has been limited to beach sand and river sediments [ 102 , 103 , 104 ].…”

Section: Unveiling Microplastics In the Environment: Advances And Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this technique, it is necessary to rinse the sample with organic Magnetic and electrostatic techniques have been tested as alternatives to density-based methods for extracting MPs from environmental samples. The aim is to reduce sample loss, avoid toxic salts, improve high-density polymer extraction, and accelerate the experimental procedure [95][96][97][98]. One such technique is magnetic seeded filtration (MSF), which uses seed particles to agglomerate with micro-and nanoscale particles, thereby enabling magnetic separation [95].…”

Section: Unveiling Microplastics In the Environment: Advances And Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Microplastics Iceberg: Filling Gaps in Our Understanding

2023

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Plastic is an indispensable material in modern society; however, high production rates combined with inadequate waste management and disposal have resulted in enormous stress on ecosystems. In addition, plastics can become smaller particles known as microplastics (MPs) due to physical, chemical, and biological drivers. MP pollution has become a significant environmental problem affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Although the topic is not entirely new, it is of great importance to the field of polymers, drawing attention to specific gaps in the existing literature, identifying future areas of research, and improving the understanding of MP pollution and its environmental impacts. Despite progress in this field, problems remain. The lack of standardized methods for MP sampling, separation, extraction, and detection makes it difficult to collect information and establish links between studies. In addition, the distribution and pathways of MPs in ecosystems remain unknown because of their heterogeneous nature and the complex matrices in which they occur. Second, toxicological tests showed that MPs can be ingested by a wide range of organisms, such as Danio rerio and Eisenia fetida, resulting in gut obstruction, physical damage, histological changes, and oxidative stress. The uptake of MP and their toxicological effects depend on their shape, size, concentration, and polymer composition. Furthermore, MPs can enter the food chain, raising concerns regarding potential contaminations for human and environmental health. This review paper sheds light on the pressing issue of MP pollution and highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists, policymakers, and industry leaders.

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Section: Unveiling Microplastics In the Environment: Advances And Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unveiling Microplastics In the Environment: Advances And Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unveiling Microplastics In the Environment: Advances And Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unveiling Microplastics In the Environment: Advances And Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Microplastics Iceberg: Filling Gaps in Our Understanding

2023

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“…In the past, magnetic separation (MS) was used for magnetic mineral separation in the metallurgical industry [1], the de-ironization of kaolin in the paper industry [2] and pyrite removal in the coal mining industry [3]. Recently, due to the use of magnetic particles as a carrier with the affinity ligand on the surface, MS technology has been widely applied in biochemistry [4], biomedical engineering [5][6][7] and environmental engineering, including protein purification [8], separation of lactoferrin [9], cell separation [10], immunoassay [11], enzyme immobilization [4], affinity separation [12][13][14][15][16] and waste water treatment [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. MS uses a magnetic driving force to separate magnetic and non-magnetic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of High-Gradient Magnetic Separation for the Recovery of Super-Paramagnetic Polymer Adsorbent Used in Adsorption and Desorption Processes

Tseng

Chang

et al. 2023

Processes

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This study examined the application of high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) for recycling of super-paramagnetic polymer adsorbent (MPA), namely, polyvinyl acetate-iminodiacetic acid. The HGMS can be incorporated with the adsorption and desorption processes (ADPs) with fresh or regenerated desorbed MPAs and exhausted adsorbed MPAs, respectively. This combines the permanent magnet’s advantage of low running costs with the easy operation using the solenoid to flush the filter in place. The effects of the inlet concentration of MPA in solution (CLF,i) and the fluid velocity (v0) or volumetric flow rate (QLF) on the performance of the recovery of MPA via HGMS were assessed. The results indicated that the separation efficiency (η or P0), breakthrough time (tB) and exhaustion time (tE) of HGMS reduce as CLF,i, as well as v0, increases. Further, the filter saturated capture capacity (σS) of HGMS also decreases with increasing v0. The effect of v0 on tB proportional to 1/v02 is more significant than that on σS proportional to 1/v0. A kinetic model of HGMS shows good agreements for the experimental and predicted breakthrough results, with determination coefficients of 0.985–0.995. The information obtained in this study is useful for the rational design and proper operation of a HGMS system for the recycling and reuse of MPA in ADPs.

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Cutting‐Edge Strategies and Advancements for Combating Synthetic Polymer Pollution in Various Environmental Samples: A Review

Sajad,

Allam,

Banerjee

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Plastic debris is unavoidably released into the ecosystems, and their physicochemical and mechanical qualities deteriorate when exposed to the environment. This, ultimately, leads to the generation of tiny fragments of plastic, which are known as nanoplastics (<1000 nm) and microplastics (<5 mm). Over the past few years, the pollution of synthetic polymers has been reported in almost all the compartments of the environment across the globe. It is regarded as a hazard to both human health and natural systems. In addition, synthetic polymers act as vectors for contaminants as they can adsorb and accumulate contaminants from seawater. The accumulation of plastic waste in the environment and its widespread presence have drawn the attention of policymakers and the public. This global issue has led to the creation of numerous remediation solutions by innovators in previous decades, either to clear up old waste or to stop plastic from entering the various matrices of the environment. This review focused on the extensive scientific research available on effective techniques for removing plastic debris to promote positive action and progress in this important area. Despite the various challenges, these techniques offer vital opportunities, from increasing awareness to enhancing environmental quality. Further, the article has been enriched by incorporating bibliometric data that illustrates the widely used methods for removing microplastics from various environmental matrices. According to the data analysis, numerous remediation techniques have been developed to date (2010 and 2024). These techniques encompass various approaches, among which the chemical‐based methods enjoy more success. This success can be attributed to the diverse advantages offered by chemical‐based methods over other remediation techniques. Much research is now focused on overcoming the disadvantages and developing more efficient and environmentally sound technologies.

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Rapid extraction of high- and low-density microplastics from soil using high-gradient magnetic separation

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

The Microplastics Iceberg: Filling Gaps in Our Understanding

The Microplastics Iceberg: Filling Gaps in Our Understanding

Application of High-Gradient Magnetic Separation for the Recovery of Super-Paramagnetic Polymer Adsorbent Used in Adsorption and Desorption Processes

Cutting‐Edge Strategies and Advancements for Combating Synthetic Polymer Pollution in Various Environmental Samples: A Review

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