Rapid extraction of valuable metals from spent LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 cathodes based on synergistic effects between organic acids

A systematic review of efficient recycling for the cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries: process intensification technologies beyond traditional methods

“…124 Table 3 provides an overview of the synergy resulting from the mixed use of multiple acids rather than of a single acid, which leads to nearly 100% lithium-ion recovery. 125 In a recent study, Zhang et al 117 proposed an eco-friendly reagent system comprising ascorbic acid and glacial acetic acid for the swift leaching of valuable metal ions from spent LIB cathode materials. The study highlights that the “diffusion” and “stratification” effects of acetic acid, in conjunction with the dual-function leaching agent of ascorbic acid, facilitate the rapid extraction of metal ions from spent LiNi 0.5 Co 0.3 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM532) materials under mild conditions, as illustrated in Fig.…”

“…When multiple organic acids synergize, acid usage can be significantly reduced, resulting in higher product leaching rates. 206 Subcritical water exhibits excellent dissolution, oxidation promotion, and acidic hydrolysis capabilities, serving as a substitute for or an acid-assisting reagent in ion extraction from solutions. DESs operate through the synergistic action of high coordination ability, acidity, and reduction, breaking metal-oxygen bonds in the lattice and promoting the leaching of valuable metals.…”

“…Fig.7(a) Diagram of mixed acid leaching process 117. (b) Leaching reaction mechanism of spent LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 materials using a mixed acid 101.…”

A Comparative Study of Malonic and l-Glutamic Acids for Metal Leaching from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Kinetic and Optimization Analysis

“…It is evident that the temperature is one of the parameters influencing the leaching, and at higher temperatures, the dissolution of acids and the recovery of Mn, Co, Li and Ni increases [51]. Zhang et al found that increasing the temperature improves the average kinetic energy of the reaction and causes strong molecular collisions [52]. The increased leaching efficiency with an increasing temperature indicated that the reaction was endothermic.…”

Synergistic Approach for Selective Leaching and Separation of Strategic Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…However, it is worth noting that a common challenge in the complete dissolution of waste cathodic materials when employing a single organic acid as the leachant is the requirement for higher acid concentrations . Several studies have suggested that the consumption of acid can be significantly reduced by combining different organic acids. − Furthermore, when chelated with anion groups within the leaching solution, the stability of some metal ions, like Co 2+ and Mn 2+ , can significantly enhance the leaching efficiency . To achieve synergism in leaching, pairing one acid acting as a chelating agent with another serving as a reducing agent is essential.…”