Rapid extrication of entrapped victims in motor vehicle wreckage using a Norwegian chain method – cross-sectional and feasibility study

Abstract

BackgroundRoad traffic injury (RTI) is a global problem causing some 1,2 million deaths annually and another 20–50 million people sustain non-fatal injuries. Pre-hospital entrapment is a risk factor for complications and delays transport to the hospital. The Rapid Extrication (RE) method combines winching and cutting of both front poles and utilising two larger vehicles to pull car wreckage apart to extricate patients. A previous study indicates that RE is an efficient alternative to previously existing methods.MethodsAll Fire Departments in Norway were questioned on: background, frequency of training, use and implementation of the method, protocol and equipment. Times used for extrication from motor vehicle wreckage were measured at the National Championship in RE. Questionnaires presented to participants asked about frequency of training, inter-disciplinary cooperation and self-perceived safety for both providers and patients on a 1–7 Likert scale (1 - worst and 7 - best).ResultsParticipating Fire Departments use RE in 95% of cases on passenger cars and 77% of cases on larger vehicles. Teams participating in the National Championship scored self-perceived security of crew as median 7 and IQR (6, 7), patient safety 7 (6, 7), communication between personnel 7 (6, 7), teamwork 7 (6, 7), and how well the technique functioned 7 (6, 7).All teams had extricated and transported the patient into the ambulance within 20 minutes.ConclusionInterdisciplinary and regular training of RE can lead to safe extrication of a critically injured patient in less than 20 minutes and may be life saving.

Assessing spinal movement during four extrication methods: a biomechanical study using healthy volunteers

“…Further work: Additional biomechanical work could evaluate alternative extrication techniques (such as Scandinavian chain cabling [ 22 ]. Biomechanical models using healthy volunteers are unlikely to offer definitive answers; evolving technology has supported the collection of data in ‘near operational’ scenarios but is unlikely to be successful in collecting data on actual injured patients.…”

Assessing Spinal Movement During Four Extrication Methods: A Biomechanical Study using Healthy Volunteers

“…Additional biomechanical work could evaluate alternative extrication techniques (such as Scandinavian chain cabling [22]. Biomechanical models using healthy volunteers are unlikely to offer de nitive answers; evolving technology has supported the collection of data in 'near operational' scenarios but is unlikely to be successful in collecting data on actual injured patients.…”

The case against extrication in motorsport: Reforming the deployment method

“…Previous studies indicate that RE is an efficient alternative to previously existing methods. 9,10 Proposal for extrication At any accident scene, rapid removal of the casualty to hospital improves their chances of survival. The term the 'Golden Hour' was first introduced in 1961, but because of misinterpretation as to what period this actually referred to, a second concept, the 'Platinum Ten Minutes' was proposed as the time taken to move a casualty to the ambulance.…”