Rapid Eye Movement Density is Reduced in the Normal Elderly

Darchia, Nato; Campbell, Ian G.; Feinberg, Irwin

doi:10.1093/sleep/26.8.973

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The time in REM sleep, on the other hand, remains relatively unchanged in late life. However, there is a significant decrease in the density of phasic REMs in elderly persons (254).…”

Section: Sleep and Memory Formation In Aged Rats And Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

About Sleep's Role in Memory

Rasch

Born

2013

Physiological Reviews

2,265

2,026

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Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of "sleep and memory" research by providing a historical perspective on concepts and a discussion of more recent key findings. Whereas initial theories posed a passive role for sleep enhancing memories by protecting them from interfering stimuli, current theories highlight an active role for sleep in which memories undergo a process of system consolidation during sleep. Whereas older research concentrated on the role of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, recent work has revealed the importance of slow-wave sleep (SWS) for memory consolidation and also enlightened some of the underlying electrophysiological, neurochemical, and genetic mechanisms, as well as developmental aspects in these processes. Specifically, newer findings characterize sleep as a brain state optimizing memory consolidation, in opposition to the waking brain being optimized for encoding of memories. Consolidation originates from reactivation of recently encoded neuronal memory representations, which occur during SWS and transform respective representations for integration into long-term memory. Ensuing REM sleep may stabilize transformed memories. While elaborated with respect to hippocampus-dependent memories, the concept of an active redistribution of memory representations from networks serving as temporary store into long-term stores might hold also for non-hippocampus-dependent memory, and even for nonneuronal, i.e., immunological memories, giving rise to the idea that the offline consolidation of memory during sleep represents a principle of long-term memory formation established in quite different physiological systems.

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“…The time in REM sleep, on the other hand, remains relatively unchanged in late life. However, there is a significant decrease in the density of phasic REMs in elderly persons (254).…”

Section: Sleep and Memory Formation In Aged Rats And Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

About Sleep's Role in Memory

Rasch

Born

2013

Physiological Reviews

2,265

2,026

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Of these, the most notable is the increase in nighttime awakenings and the consequent increase in sleep fragmentation (Bliwise, 1993). Some studies have also reported a reduction in slow-wave sleep (SWS) quantity, quality and distribution across sleep (Cajochen et al, 2006; Carrier et al, 2001; Lombardo et al, 1998), as well as a reduction in rapid-eye movement (REM) density (the number of REMs per minute; Darchia et al, 2003). Concurrent with these alterations in sleep is a general decline in episodic memory with age, particularly after the age of 60 yrs (Ronnlund et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep protects memories from interference in older adults

Sonni

Spencer

2015

Neurobiology of Aging

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In a recent study, we demonstrated that sleep-dependent consolidation of declarative memories is preserved in older adults. The present study examined whether this benefit of sleep for declarative learning in older adults reflects a passive role of sleep in protecting memories from decay or an active role in stabilizing them. Young and older adults learned a visuo-spatial task and recall was probed following sleep or wake. Although a reduction in performance was observed following sleep and wake, task-related interference prior to recall had a larger detriment on performance in the wake condition. This was true for young and high performing older adults only. Low performing older adults did not receive a benefit of sleep on the visuo-spatial task. Performance changes were associated with early night NREM sleep in young adults and with early night REM sleep in high performing older adults. These results demonstrate that performance benefits from sleep in older adults as a result of an active memory stabilization process; importantly, the extent of this benefit of sleep is closely linked to the level of initial acquisition of the episodic information in older adults.

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“…REMs during REM sleep is substantially reduced in the elderly [10] and increased EMG activity has also been reported [11]. These changes are a challenge for automatic sleep staging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic SLEEP staging: From young aduslts to elderly patients using multi-class support vector machine

Kempfner

Jennum

Sørensen

et al. 2013

2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

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Aging is a process that is inevitable, and makes our body vulnerable to age-related diseases. Age is the most consistent factor affecting the sleep structure. Therefore, new automatic sleep staging methods, to be used in both of young and elderly patients, are needed. This study proposes an automatic sleep stage detector, which can separate wakefulness, rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep using only EEG and EOG. Most sleep events, which define the sleep stages, are reduced with age. This is addressed by focusing on the amplitude of the clinical EEG bands, and not the affected sleep events. The age-related influences are then reduced by robust subject-specific scaling. The classification of the three sleep stages are achieved by a multi-class support vector machine using the one-versus-rest scheme. It was possible to obtain a high classification accuracy of 0.91. Validation of the sleep stage detector in other sleep disorders, such as apnea and narcolepsy, should be considered in future work.

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Rapid Eye Movement Density is Reduced in the Normal Elderly

Cited by 53 publications

References 32 publications

About Sleep's Role in Memory

About Sleep's Role in Memory

Sleep protects memories from interference in older adults

Automatic SLEEP staging: From young aduslts to elderly patients using multi-class support vector machine

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