Rapid fabrication of tin-copper anodes for lithium-ion battery applications

In Situ Observation of the Ga- and Cu-Based Substrate Reaction by Synchrotron Microradiography

“…Recently, however, the application of in situ synchrotron X-ray imaging experiments has allowed real-time visualization of IMC growth . Such experiments have shown that the IMC growth rate between Sn and Cu-6 wt %Ni (Cu6Ni) is much higher than Sn with a Cu substrate. , Several studies have been performed to investigate the reaction of Ga- and Cu-based substrates. ,− It has been found that Ni-containing substrates accelerate the formation of IMC layers at room temperature and the growth rate of Ga intermetallics when reacting with Cu6Ni substrates is fast compared with other Cu–Ni substrates, and a similar phenomenon has been observed during Sn and Cu–Ni reactions. , When Ga reacts with Cu substrates, a thin IMC layer of Cu 9 Ga 4 forms close to the substrate, and a significantly thicker layer of CuGa 2 forms above this layer . However, when Ni is present in the substrate, the IMC layer becomes more complex, a nanocrystalline IMC layer of Ga 5 Ni and CuGa 2 forms close to the substrate, and a large layer of CuGa 2 forms further away .…”

“…19 Such experiments have shown that the IMC growth rate between Sn and Cu-6 wt %Ni (Cu6Ni) is much higher than Sn with a Cu substrate. 19,20 Several studies have been performed to investigate the reaction of Ga-and Cu-based substrates. 17,21−23 It has been found that Ni-containing substrates accelerate the formation of IMC layers at room temperature and the growth rate of Ga intermetallics when reacting with Cu6Ni substrates is fast compared with other Cu−Ni substrates, and a similar phenomenon has been observed during Sn and Cu−Ni reactions.…”

A metal–organic framework approach to engineer mesoporous ZnMnO3/C towards enhanced lithium storage

“…[1][2][3][4] Growth of hazardous lithium dendrites and the low theoretical capacity limitation of conventional carbonaceous electrode materials have promoted the search for new electrode alternatives with enhanced safety, energy/power density, and wide-spread availability. 5,6 Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are attractive anode candidates for LIBs owing to their low costs, abundant natural reserves, and high theoretical capacity originating from the multielectron-involved redox reaction with lithium. 7,8 However, most TMO electrodes generally suffer from inherent slow reaction kinetics limitations due to the poor ionic/electronic conductivity and low Li + diffusivity.…”