Rapid Flooding of the Sunda Shelf: A Late-Glacial Sea-Level Record

Hanebuth, Till J J; Stattegger, Karl; Grootes, P. M.

doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1033

Cited by 826 publications

(630 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The early monsoon onset in the eastern part of the Timor Strait and Banda Sea coincided with Meltwater Pulse 1A, which led to the flooding of Sundaland (14.6-14.3 ka) 23 . A similar mechanism has been recently proposed for the strong intensification of monsoonal rainfall over Flores at B9.5 ka (ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Hemisphere control on Australian monsoon variability during the late deglaciation and Holocene

et al. 2015

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The evolution of the Australian monsoon in relation to high-latitude temperature fluctuations over the last termination remains highly enigmatic. Here we integrate high-resolution riverine runoff and dust proxy data from X-ray fluorescence scanner measurements in four well-dated sediment cores, forming a NE-SW transect across the Timor Sea. Our records reveal that the development of the Australian monsoon closely followed the deglacial warming history of Antarctica. A minimum in riverine runoff documents dry conditions throughout the region during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (15-12.9 ka). Massive intensification of the monsoon coincided with Southern Hemisphere warming and intensified greenhouse forcing over Australia during the atmospheric CO 2 rise at 12.9-10 ka. We relate the earlier onset of the monsoon in the Timor Strait (13.4 ka) to regional changes in landmass exposure during deglacial sea-level rise. A return to dryer conditions occurred between 8.1 and 7.3 ka following the early Holocene runoff maximum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Hemisphere control on Australian monsoon variability during the late deglaciation and Holocene

et al. 2015

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“…These connections lasted for tens of thousands of years, and the islands last became isolated only 10,000-12,000 years ago when sea level rose to less than 50 m below present levels (Voris, 2000;Hanebuth et al, 2000). Sea level remained below À50 m for approximately 40% of the time in the last 250,000 years (Voris, 2000), so the islands were not nearly as isolated from one another and the mainland as they are at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation dynamics in the SE Asian tropics: Putting a time perspective on the phylogeny and biogeography of Sundaland tree squirrels, Sundasciurus

Tex

Thorington

Maldonado

et al. 2010

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…The data were extracted as a simple raster from the global ETOPO2 2Ј database. The sea level change record for the Sunda Shelf region for the glacial-interglacial transition was extracted from a regional study (8) while R. Bintanja kindly provided the reconstructions of global sea level and temperature change through the past million years (22). The Bintanja data, 100-year increments, was simplified to 500-year increments by taking the 500-year average around each 500-year mark.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current refugial rainforests of Sundaland are unrepresentative of their biogeographic past and highly vulnerable to disturbance

Cannon

Morley²,

Bush³

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

300

313

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Understanding the historical dynamics of forest communities is a critical element for accurate prediction of their response to future change. Here, we examine evergreen rainforest distribution in the Sunda Shelf region at the last glacial maximum (LGM), using a spatially explicit model incorporating geographic, paleoclimatic, and geologic evidence. Results indicate that at the LGM, Sundaland rainforests covered a substantially larger area than currently present. Extrapolation of the model over the past million years demonstrates that the current ''island archipelago'' setting in Sundaland is extremely unusual given the majority of its history and the dramatic biogeographic transitions caused by global deglaciation were rapid and brief. Compared with dominant glacial conditions, lowland forests were probably reduced from approximately 1.3 to 0.8 ؋ 10 6 km 2 while upland forests were probably reduced by half, from approximately 2.0 to 1.0 ؋ 10 5 km 2 . Coastal mangrove and swamp forests experienced the most dramatic change during deglaciations, going through a complete and major biogeographic relocation. The Sundaland forest dynamics of fragmentation and contraction and subsequent expansion, driven by glacial cycles, occur in the opposite phase as those in the northern hemisphere and equatorial Africa, indicating that Sundaland evergreen rainforest communities are currently in a refugial stage. Widespread human-mediated reduction and conversion of these forests in their refugial stage, when most species are passing through significant population bottlenecks, strongly emphasizes the urgency of conservation and management efforts. Further research into the natural process of fragmentation and contraction during deglaciation is necessary to understand the long-term effect of human activity on forest species. lowland evergreen rainforest ͉ paleoclimate simulation ͉ upland evergreen rainforest T he Southeast Asian continent has one of the most complex geological histories in the world (1-3). The product of an ongoing collision between 2 ancient continents separated by an island archipelago (4, 5), several distinct centers of biological diversity can be identified within a small geographic range (Indochina, Sundaland, Wallacea, and Papuasia), demarcated by the Isthmus of Kra (6) and Wallace's Line (7). During the Quaternary Period, cyclical climate changes have affected the region in 2 ways: sea level change (8) modified total land area (9) while climate change affected the geographic distribution and elevational zonation of forest types (10). These land area dynamics may have had an impact on global climate as well, potentially affecting the ENSO cycle (11). Understanding the historical spatial dynamics of forest distribution plays a crucial role in the ability to predict community response to future change (12, 13).Here, we have generated a distribution model of Sundaland rainforest at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) by combining paleontological constraints (5) with the results of a numerical simulation of paleoclimate...

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Rapid Flooding of the Sunda Shelf: A Late-Glacial Sea-Level Record

Cited by 826 publications

References 20 publications

Southern Hemisphere control on Australian monsoon variability during the late deglaciation and Holocene

Southern Hemisphere control on Australian monsoon variability during the late deglaciation and Holocene

Speciation dynamics in the SE Asian tropics: Putting a time perspective on the phylogeny and biogeography of Sundaland tree squirrels, Sundasciurus

The current refugial rainforests of Sundaland are unrepresentative of their biogeographic past and highly vulnerable to disturbance

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