Rapid forgetting of faces in congenital prosopagnosia

Pertzov, Yoni; Krill, Dana; Weiss, Nilly; Lesinger, Keren; Avidan, Galia

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.007

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Accordingly, memory for faces is considered essential for face recognition 71 , and it correlates with face perception abilities in typicals 72 and CPs 73 (but see 74 ). Moreover, evidence suggests that memory deficits associated with faces play a significant role in the etiology of CP 75, 76 . Taking together, our results indicate that the observed cortical-wide interactions are related to, or at least more pronounced during, face encoding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-scale dynamics of functional connectivity in the face processing network during movie watching

Levakov

Sporns

Avidan

2022

Preprint

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Face are naturally dynamic, multimodal and embedded in rich social context. However, mapping the face processing network in the human brain and its relation to behavior is typically done during rest or using isolated, static face images. The use of such contrived stimuli might result in overlooking widespread cortical interactions obtained in response to naturalistic context and the temporal dynamics of these interactions. Here we examined large-scale cortical connectivity patterns measured in response to a dynamic movie in a sample of typical adults (n=517), to determine how inter-subject functional connectivity (ISFC) relates to face recognition scores. We found a positive correlation with recognition scores in edges connecting the occipital visual and anterior temporal regions and a negative correlation in edges connecting attentional dorsal, frontal default, and occipital visual regions. These ISFC patterns resembled previous findings comparing individuals with congenital prosopagnosia to normal controls and the viewing of inverted compared to upright faces. To further examine these connectivity patterns, we developed a novel method that allows analysis of inter-subject stimulus-evoked node/edge responses at a single TR resolution. Using this method, we demonstrated that co-fluctuations in face-selective edges observed here and in previous work are related to local activity in core face-selective regions. Finally, correlating this temporal decomposition of the observed ISFC patterns to the movie content revealed that they peak during boundaries between movie segments rather than during the presence of faces in the movie. Our novel approach demonstrates how visual processing of faces is linked to fine-scale dynamics in attentional, memory, and perceptual neural circuitry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-scale dynamics of functional connectivity in the face processing network during movie watching

Levakov

Sporns

Avidan

2022

Preprint

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“…Low power is not just an issue when researchers are using a single test, such as the CFMT, to diagnose prosopagnosia. Many authors require significant impairments at the single-case level on two (e.g., CFMT and FFT, Fisher et al, 2020 ; Pertzov et al, 2020 ; Stumps et al, 2020 ; Wilcockson et al, 2020 ) and sometimes three (CFMT, CFPT and a prosopagnosia questionnaire, Mishra et al, 2020 ) measures before they will confirm a diagnosis. We know that roughly 50% of potential DP cases will fail to meet diagnostic criteria when assessed using the CFMT (Bate et al, 2019a ; Burns et al, 2014a ; Murray & Bate, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to diagnosing and researching developmental prosopagnosia: Excluded cases are impaired too

et al. 2022

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Developmental prosopagnosia is characterized by severe, lifelong difficulties when recognizing facial identity. Unfortunately, the most common diagnostic assessment (Cambridge Face Memory Test) misses 50–65% of individuals who believe that they have this condition. This results in such excluded cases’ absence from scientific knowledge, effect sizes of impairment potentially overestimated, treatment efficacy underrated, and may elicit in them a negative experience of research. To estimate their symptomology and group-level impairments in face processing, we recruited a large cohort who believes that they have prosopagnosia. Matching prior reports, 56% did not meet criteria on the Cambridge Face Memory Test. However, the severity of their prosopagnosia symptoms and holistic perception deficits were comparable to those who did meet criteria. Excluded cases also exhibited face perception and memory impairments that were roughly one standard deviation below neurotypical norms, indicating the presence of objective problems. As the prosopagnosia index correctly classified virtually every case, we propose it should be the primary method for providing a diagnosis, prior to subtype categorization. We present researchers with a plan on how they can analyze these excluded prosopagnosia cases in their future work without negatively impacting their traditional findings. We anticipate such inclusion will enhance scientific knowledge, more accurately estimate effect sizes of impairments and treatments, and identify commonalities and distinctions between these different forms of prosopagnosia. Owing to their atypicalities in visual perception, we recommend that the prosopagnosia index should be used to screen out potential prosopagnosia cases from broader vision research.

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“…In the case of a perceptual deficit, we would expect to find a consistent impairment in all conditions as all rely on visual processing. However, impairment in mnemonic processes, such as retrieval and maintenance, should be reflected in an impairment following a retention interval and no difficulty within the simultaneous condition (Pertzov et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weaker face recognition in adults with autism arises from perceptually based alterations

et al. 2023

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Face recognition has been shown to be impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, it is still debated whether these face processing deficits arise from perceptually based alterations. We tested individuals with ASD and matched typically developing (TD) individuals using a delayed estimation task in which a single target face was shown either upright or inverted. Participants selected a face that best resembled the target face out of a cyclic space of morphed faces. To enable the disentanglement of visual from mnemonic processing, reports were required either following a 1 and 6 second retention interval, or simultaneously while the target face was still visible. Individuals with ASD made significantly more errors than TD individuals in both the simultaneous and delayed intervals, indicating that face recognition deficits in autism are also perceptual rather than strictly memory based. Moreover, individuals with ASD exhibited weaker inversion effects than the TD individuals, on all retention intervals. This finding, that was mostly evident in precision errors, suggests that contrary to the more precise representations of upright faces in TD individuals, individuals with ASD exhibit similar levels of precision for inverted and upright faces, for both simultaneous and delayed conditions. These results suggest that weakened memory for faces reported in ASD may be secondary to an underlying perceptual deficit in face processing.

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Rapid forgetting of faces in congenital prosopagnosia

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Fine-scale dynamics of functional connectivity in the face processing network during movie watching

Fine-scale dynamics of functional connectivity in the face processing network during movie watching

A new approach to diagnosing and researching developmental prosopagnosia: Excluded cases are impaired too

Weaker face recognition in adults with autism arises from perceptually based alterations

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