Rapid Identification of Geographical Origin of Commercial Soybean Marketed in Vietnam by ICP-MS

Abstract

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analytical method was used to determine the content of 40 elements in 38 soybean samples (Glycine Max) from 4 countries. Multivariate statistical methods, such as principal components analysis (PCA), were performed to analyze the obtained data to establish the provenance of the soybeans. Although soybean is widely marketed in many countries, no universal method is used to discriminate the origin of these cereals. Our study introduced the initial step to the identification of the geographical origin of commercial soybean marketed in Vietnam. The analysis pointed out that there are significant differences in the mean of 33 of the 40 analyzed elements among 4 countries’ soybean samples, namely, 11B, 27Al, 44Ca, 45Sc, 47Ti, 55Mn, 56Fe, 59Co, 60Ni, 63Cu, 66Zn, 69Ga, 75As, 78Se, 85Rb, 88Sr, 89Y, 90Zr, 93Nb, 95Mo, 103Rh, 137Ba, 163Dy, 165Ho, 175Lu, 178Hf, 181Ta, 182W, 185Re, 197Au, 202Hg, 205Tl, and 208Pb. The PCA analysis showed that the soybean samples can be classified correctly according to their original locations. This research can be used as a prerequisite for future studies of using the combination of elemental composition analysis with statistical classification methods for an accurate provenance establishment of soybean, which determined a variation of key markers for the original discrimination of soybean.

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), a Useful Tool in Authenticity of Agricultural Products’ and Foods’ Origin

“…Reviewing the literature, vegetables such as onion [ 106 , 107 ], garlic [ 108 , 109 ], soybean [ 110 ], eggplant [ 111 ], various types of pepper [ 111 , 112 , 113 ], tomato [ 114 , 115 , 116 ], Chinese cabbage [ 117 ], and truffles [ 118 ] have been investigated by means of elemental composition for their geographical origin authentication with the use of ICP-MS. Since 2005, Bettinelli et al [ 115 ] investigated the concentration of lanthanide elements of tomato plants and soils from their growing area.…”

Development of a Gene-Based Soybean-Origin Discrimination Method Using Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction

“…In previous studies that used methods of inorganic content analysis, such as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry or ED-XRF, the reported efficiency was 91.0-94.0%. Moreover, various statistical techniques were applied based on the concentration of 4-8 types of inorganic compounds [19][20][21]. Lee et al [5] utilized FT-NIRS, a method of organic content analysis.…”

Multi-Element Analysis and Origin Discrimination of Panax notoginseng Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)

“…The concentration of 49 elements ( 23 Na, 24 Mg, 27 Al, 39 K, 43 Ca, 44 Ca, 51 V, 52 Cr, 53 Cr, 55 Mn, 56 Fe, 57 Fe, 59 Co, 60 Ni, 63 Cu, 65 Cu, 66 232 Th, and 238 U) in P. notoginseng was determined by ICP-MS/MS (Agilent 8800, Tokyo, Japan). The calibration standard solutions were prepared in the range of 0-4 µg/mL for 23 Na, 24 Mg, 39 K, 43 Ca, 44 Ca, 56 Fe, and 57 Fe; 0-400 ng/mL for 27 Al, 66 Zn, 88 Sr, and 118 Sn; 0-40 ng/mL for 51 V, 52 Cr, 53 Cr, 55 Mn, 59 Co, 60 Ni, 63 Cu, 65 Cu, 75 As, 78 Se, 89 Y, 97 Mo, 98 Mo, 107 Ag, 111 Cd, 114 Cd, 123 Sb, 137 Ba, 146 Nd, 147 Sm, 153 Eu, 157 Gd, 163 Dy, 166 Er, 172 Yb, 205 Tl, 206 Pb, 207 Pb, 208 Pb, 232 Th, and 238 U; 0-12.5 ng/mL for 139 La, 140 Ce, 141 Pr, 165 Ho, and 169 Tm; and 0-8 ng/mL for 200 Hg and 202 Hg. A mixed internal standard (ISTD) solution with a concentration of 50 ng/mL Sc, Ge, In, and Bi was used to correct changes in the sample uptake rate and plasma conditions for the ICP-MS/MS [59].…”