This study aimed to develop inhalable powders containing phages active
against antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa for
pulmonary delivery. A Pseudomonas phage, PEV2, was spray dried
into powder matrices comprising of trehalose (0–80%), mannitol
(0–80%) and L-leucine (20%). The resulting powders were
stored at various relative humidity (RH) conditions (0, 22 and 60% RH)
at 4 °C. The phage stability and in vitro aerosol
performance of the phage powders were examined at the time of production and
after 1, 3 and 12 months storage. After spray drying, a total of 1.3 log titer
reduction in phage was observed in the formulations containing 40%,
60% and 80% trehalose, whereas 2.4 and 5.1 log reductions were
noted in the formulations containing 20% and no trehalose, respectively.
No further reduction in titer occurred for powders stored at 0 and 22%
RH even after 12 months, except the formulation containing no trehalose. The
60% RH storage condition had a destructive effect such that no viable
phages were detected after 3 and 12 months. When aerosolised, the total lung
doses for formulations containing 40%, 60% and 80%
trehalose were similar (in the order of 105 pfu). The results
demonstrated that spray drying is a suitable method to produce stable phage
powders for pulmonary delivery. A powder matrix containing ≥ 40%
trehalose provided good phage preservation and aerosol performances after
storage at 0 and 22 % RH at 4 °C for 12 months.