Rapid in-situ analysis of liquid steel by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Gruber, Johann; Heitz, J.; Strasser, Hannes; Bäuerle, D.; Ramaseder, N.

doi:10.1016/s0584-8547(01)00182-3

Cited by 154 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…103,127 The inverse is also possible, with the laser beam passing through the dichroic mirror and emitted radiation being reflected by it and redirected to the collecting lens and wavelength selector. 128 The dichroic mirror must be highly reflective at the laser wavelength and highly transparent in the wavelength range of the selector, or vice-versa. The dichroic mirror also can be used to allow the perpendicular acquisition of plasma images by a camera (see section on Detecting Systems for details) and in the application of double-pulse excitation in the collinear configuration by using two laser sources.…”

Section: Optical Components and Other Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of using just one optical fiber cable, a dichroic mirror (or another kind of beam splitter) must be used so that the laser radiation can be focused on the optical fiber, and the emitted radiation, traveling in the opposite direction, can be directed to the wavelength selector. 128,130 When using two optical fiber cables, the laser and the radiation emitted by the plasma travel through different fibers. 131,132 When the laser pulse is directed by optical fibers, two lenses are used at the output side (directed towards the sample surface) of the optical fiber cable, one collimating and the other focusing the laser radiation.…”

Section: Optical Components and Other Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is why CCD have been more frequently used in LIBS in recent years, in spite of their higher costs, although some examples of recent uses of PDA in LIBS can be cited. 84,120,128,164,165 Recent papers dealing with comparisons between detecting systems employing ICCD and a non-intensified CCD for LIBS reported better performances for the ICCD in terms of temporal resolution, dynamic range and detectivity, even with the intensifier gains adjusted to their minimum values. 138,158 Carranza et al 158 observed an increase in the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the ICCD in relation to the CCD system from 2.8 to 25-fold for the 393.37 nm calcium emission line measured in calcium-based aerosols.…”

Section: Detecting Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brass, gold and aluminum alloys have also been analyzed by the LIBS technique. Some implementations, such as LIBS scanning microanalyses (detection of defects and elemental surface analyses), 66,96,186,187 molten alloy analyses (including probes that resist high temperatures and fully automated systems with automatic samplers) 188,189 and applications in alloying processes (industrial routine), 132,[190][191][192][193] deserve mention. Applications like the analyses of alloys under water 194,195 have increased awareness of the technique.…”

Section: Alloys and Metallurgic Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

342

195

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Esta revisão descreve os aspectos fundamentais, a instrumentação, as aplicações e tendências futuras de uma técnica analítica que se encontra em seu estágio de consolidação e que está em vias de estabelecer o seu nicho entre as técnicas espectrofotométricas modernas. A técnica é denominada Espectroscopia de Emissão em Plasma Induzido por Laser (em inglês, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS) e sua principal característica está no uso de pulsos de laser como fonte de energia para vaporizar a amostra e excitar a emissão de radiação eletromagnética, a partir de seus elementos e/ou fragmentos moleculares. A radiação emitida é analisada por meio de instrumentos ópticos de alta resolução e as suas intensidades são medidas, usualmente com detectores rápidos de estado sólido. Em conjunto, esses dispositivos permitem a geração e a medida de um espectro de emissão de faixa ampla do fenômeno induzido pelo pulso de laser. O espectro registrado contém informação qualitativa e quantitativa que pode ser correlacionada com a identidade da amostra ou empregada na determinação da quantidade de seus constituintes. Essa revisão é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira aborda aspectos históricos da técnica e os conceitos teóricos relevantes associados com LIBS; então, os aspectos práticos de diversas abordagens experimentais e instrumentais empregadas na implementação da técnica são revistos de forma crítica; as aplicações encontradas na literatura, incluindo aquelas que empregam quimiometria, são classificadas e exemplificadas por meio de trabalhos relevantes recentemente publicados. Finalmente, uma tentativa de estabelecer uma avaliação global e as perspectivas futuras para a técnica é apresentada.This review describes the fundamentals, instrumentation, applications and future trends of an analytical technique that is in its early stages of consolidation and is establishing its definitive niches among modern spectrometric techniques. The technique has been named Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and its main characteristic stands in the use of short laser pulses as the energy source to vaporize samples and excite the emission of electromagnetic radiation from its elements and/or molecular fragments. The emitted radiation is analyzed by high resolution optics and the intensities are recorded, usually by fast triggered solid state detectors. Together, these devices allow producing and registering a wide ranging emission spectrum of the short-lived phenomenon induced by the laser pulse. The spectrum contains qualitative and quantitative information which can be correlated with sample identity or can be used to determine the amount of its constituents. This review is divided in four parts. First, the relevant historical and theoretical concepts associated with LIBS are presented; then the main practical aspects of the several experimental and instrumental approaches employed for implementation of the technique are critically described; the applications related in the literature, including those making use of chemometri...

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Section: Optical Components and Other Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Components and Other Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detecting Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alloys and Metallurgic Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

342

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Noll et al [13,20] developed a LIBS system for the on-line measurement of molten steel composition by using a model lance consisting of a vacuum optical probe, a permanent lance and a lance tip immersed into the liquid steel melt; using this system, light elements including C, P and S were successfully quantified directly in a molten steel bath. Gruber et al [21] studied changes in the LIBS signal induced by adding admixtures containing elemental Cr, Cu, Mn, and Ni in a laboratory induction furnace. In this setup, the LIBS signal was carried by a 12-m fiber-optic bundle to the spectrometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%