Rapid in vitro conversion and identification of Coccidioides immitis

Sun, Steven; Huppert, M.; Vukovich, Katherine

doi:10.1128/jcm.3.2.186-190.1976

Cited by 22 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Thus, the bacteria identified in 5%SB-CNA agar should be considered for antifungal activity. Other studies have found inconsistent success with growing Coccidioides under anaerobic conditions ( 32 – 35 ). We were unable to culture Coccidioides anaerobically on GYE (data not shown) and could not assess whether anaerobic microbiota have the capacity to inhibit Coccidioides growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Host tracheal and intestinal microbiomes inhibit Coccidioides growth in vitro

Tejeda-Garibay,

Zhao,

Hum

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever, is a disease caused by the fungal pathogen Coccidioides . Unfortunately, patients are often misdiagnosed with bacterial pneumonia, leading to inappropriate antibiotic treatment. The soil Bacillus subtilis -like species exhibits antagonistic properties against Coccidioides in vitro ; however, the antagonistic capabilities of host microbiota against Coccidioides are unexplored. We sought to examine the potential of the tracheal and intestinal microbiomes to inhibit the growth of Coccidioides in vitro . We hypothesized that an uninterrupted lawn of microbiota obtained from antibiotic-free mice would inhibit the growth of Coccidioides, while partial in vitro depletion through antibiotic disk diffusion assays would allow a niche for fungal growth. We observed that the microbiota grown on 2×GYE (GYE) and Columbia colistin and nalidixic acid with 5% sheep’s blood agar inhibited the growth of Coccidioides , but microbiota grown on chocolate agar did not. Partial depletion of the microbiota through antibiotic disk diffusion revealed diminished inhibition and comparable growth of Coccidioides to controls. To characterize the bacteria grown and identify potential candidates contributing to the inhibition of Coccidioides , 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on tracheal and intestinal agar cultures and murine lung extracts. We found that the host bacteria likely responsible for this inhibition primarily included Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus . The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the host microbiota to inhibit the growth of Coccidioides in vitro and suggest that an altered microbiome through antibiotic treatment could negatively impact effective fungal clearance and allow a niche for fungal growth in vivo . IMPORTANCE Coccidioidomycosis is caused by a fungal pathogen that invades the host lungs, causing respiratory distress. In 2019, 20,003 cases of Valley fever were reported to the CDC. However, this number likely vastly underrepresents the true number of Valley fever cases, as many go undetected due to poor testing strategies and a lack of diagnostic models. Valley fever is also often misdiagnosed as bacterial pneumonia, resulting in 60%–80% of patients being treated with antibiotics prior to an accurate diagnosis. Misdiagnosis contributes to a growing problem of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic-induced microbiome dysbiosis; the implications for disease outcomes are currently unknown. About 5%–10% of symptomatic Valley fever patients develop chronic pulmonary disease. Valley fever causes a significant financial burden and a reduced quality of life. Little is known regarding what factors contribute to the development of chronic infections and treatments for the disease are limited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Host tracheal and intestinal microbiomes inhibit Coccidioides growth in vitro

Tejeda-Garibay,

Zhao,

Hum

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Mycology

Hay¹,

Moore²

2004

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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Fungal Infections

Hay,

Ashbee

2016

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Ninth Edition

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This chapter discusses the principles of medical mycology together with an introductory section on pathogenesis and the methods used to diagnose fungal infections. These are then set in the context of human fungal infections affecting the skin. The more common superficial mycoses such as dermatophyte and Candida infection are included together with the rarer subcutaneous mycoses such as sporotrichosis and the deep and systemic infections. The main HIV/AIDS‐related conditions are covered from diagnosis to treatment. The treatment regimens are summarized using simple algorithms and there is a useful glossary of the mycological terms used in the chapter.

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Rapid in vitro conversion and identification of Coccidioides immitis

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Host tracheal and intestinal microbiomes inhibit Coccidioides growth in vitro

Host tracheal and intestinal microbiomes inhibit Coccidioides growth in vitro

Mycology

Fungal Infections

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