Rapid induced resistance of silver birch affects both innate immunity and performance of gypsy moths: the role of plant chemical defenses

Martemyanov, V. V.; Dubovskiy, Ivan M.; Belousova, І. A.; Pavlushin, Sergey V.; Domrachev, D. V.; Rantala, Markus J.; Salminen, Juha‐Pekka; Bakhvalov, S. A.; Глупов, В. В.

doi:10.1007/s11829-012-9202-7

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The enhancement of phenolic acids was observed in Archis hypogaea L. infested with three different Lepidoptera pests (Sambangi and Usha Rani 2013). A rapid induced defense response caused by an increased concentration of simple phenolics and monoterpenes was observed in silver birch infested by Lymantria dispar (Martemyanov et al 2012). In our study the concentration of phenolics in the leaf blades of Ae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Flavonols are compounds that have antinutritive activity and inhibit insect development (Adeyemi et al 2010; Martemyanov et al 2012). A significant increase in the level of flavonols was observed in leaves of the Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, feeding of herbivorous insect may induce accumulation of phenolics in leaves of host plants (Bernards and Båstrup-Spohr 2008). Chemical compounds that may act as defensive agents as well as alimentary deterrents are flavonols, which inhibit the growth of larvae, causing an extension of the larval period and increased larval mortality (Adeyemi et al 2010;Martemyanov et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition of horse-chestnut (Aesculus) leaves and their susceptibility to chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić

et al. 2017

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For over 20 years, trees of Aesculus spp. have been attacked by the larvae of Cameraria ohridella, which causes damage to the leaves. It has been observed that members of the genus Aesculus are characterized by diverse susceptibility to C. ohridella. Four specimens of the Aesculus genus which differ in susceptibility to this leaf miner-Aesculus turbinata (susceptible), Aesculus 9 neglecta (resistant) and two specimens of Aesculus hippocastanum (relatively susceptible and relatively resistant)-were examined. The levels of substances which may function as attractants (chloroplast pigments, anthocyanins), deterrents or repellents (flavonols, phenols), or a source of nutrients (free a-amino acids and carbohydrates) were determined in leaves of these four trees during two growing seasons. The results showed that the more pestsusceptible A. turbinata had, in both growing seasons, significantly higher levels of leaf carbohydrates and anthocyanins than the resistant Ae. 9 neglecta. Thus, anthocyanins and carbohydrates may be the traits which affect oviposition preference and favor the feeding of C. ohridella in the susceptible Ae. turbinata. The relatively susceptible specimen of Ae. hippocastanum contained slightly higher carbohydrate and anthocyanin levels than the relatively resistant one, but only in one growing season. Therefore, it does not explain the causes of their different susceptibility to the pest. The concentration of phenolics in the susceptible Ae. turbinata tree and the relatively susceptible Ae. hippocastanum individual was higher than in the resistant Ae. 9 neglecta and relatively resistant Ae. hippocastanum, respectively. This may suggest that leaf phenolic composition, but not overall concentration, is responsible for different susceptibility of examined trees of Aesculus spp. to the horse-chestnut leaf miner. The present results also demonstrate that the determined chemical compounds do not constitute a complete description of the biochemical relationships between C. ohridella and the examined horse-chestnut trees.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition of horse-chestnut (Aesculus) leaves and their susceptibility to chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić

et al. 2017

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“…As a result of this, the females might be more susceptible than males to the response of trees induced by defoliation. The same result was shown in our previous work when we studied the effect of severe defoliation of silver birch on gypsy moth performance [17]. Interestingly, we have obtained the sex-specific effect of delayed birch response on encapsulation rate and THC of fourth instar larvae of L. dispar after tree defoliation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sex-Specific Variations in Gypsy Moth Fitness, Immune Function, and Parasite Resistance Mediated by Background Defoliation of the Host Plant

Martemyanov¹,

Dubovskiy²,

Belousova³

et al. 2013

Ecological Parasitology and Immunology

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In this study, we investigated the effect of rapid/delayed changes in silver birch foliage quality induced by minor defoliation on gypsy moth fitness, immune function, and resistance of larvae against natural enemies. Insect fitness was estimated as pupal weight, the period of larval stage, and mortality rate. Larval immune status was detected as activity of phenoloxidase in plasma, total hemocyte count (THC) in hemolymph, and encapsulation rate of nylon implant inserted into larvae hemocoel. We revealed that only rapid changes after tree defoliation lead to a strong tendency of suppression in the female's fitness. Delayed changes in foliage chemistry led to a rise of encapsulation response in females. Larval parasitism by hymenoptera was decreased when larvae fed on leaves from previously defoliated trees. We propose that changes in host plant quality drive the sexspecific increase of female encapsulation rate that allows larvae better resistance against the pressure of natural enemies.

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“…Considering these facts, a shorter duration of larval stage, especially of younger larval instars, should be adaptive and contribute to fitness. In the gypsy moth, larval development time increased and pupal weight decreased in response to low protein (nitrogen) diets and higher concentrations of some plant secondary compounds [42][43][44]. In an experiment with natural host plants, Lazarević et al [45] failed to detect the trade-off between the duration of larval development and pupal weight or fecundity in the gypsy moth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity of gypsy moth digestive enzymes

Mrdaković

Stojković²,

Perić-Mataruga

et al. 2013

Open Life Sciences

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The adaptiveness of plasticity of digestive enzyme responses to allelochemical stress was tested on 32 full-sib families of gypsy moth larvae from an oak forest population (the Quercus population) and 26 families from a locust-tree forest (the Robinia population), reared either on control diet, or on tannin-supplemented diet. Using the duration of larval development as an indirect measure of fitness, phenotypic selection analyses revealed that lower specific activities of total proteases and trypsin, and higher specific activity of leucine aminopeptidase were adaptive for both populations in the control environment. Plasticity was only shown to be costly for total proteases and trypsin activity in Quercus larvae. In a stressful environment, the most apparent adaptive response was a significant increase in lipase activity. There was no plasticity cost for lipase activity. The two populations differed in the direction of selection acting on α-glucosidase activity, which favoured decreased activity in Quercus larvae and increased activity in Robinia larvae in the control environment. α-glucosidase activity in Quercus larvae is characterized by cost of homeostasis, while cost of plasticity was shown for Robinia larvae. The results obtained on the plasticity of digestive enzyme activity indicate how this generalist species copes with variation in plant allelochemicals.

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Rapid induced resistance of silver birch affects both innate immunity and performance of gypsy moths: the role of plant chemical defenses

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Chemical composition of horse-chestnut (Aesculus) leaves and their susceptibility to chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić

Chemical composition of horse-chestnut (Aesculus) leaves and their susceptibility to chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić

Sex-Specific Variations in Gypsy Moth Fitness, Immune Function, and Parasite Resistance Mediated by Background Defoliation of the Host Plant

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity of gypsy moth digestive enzymes

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