Rapid ion-exchange techniques for radiochemical separations

Campbell, E.C.; Nelson, Frederick

doi:10.1016/0022-1902(56)80024-9

Cited by 29 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Cost: 200 $ Ci" 1 or 30 $ Ci" 1 for respectively (η,γ) or fission production. Generators of this type have not yet been described owing to availability of 103 Pd and easier separation of Rh from Pd. Contamination with 106 Ru might preclude the use for medical applications.…”

Section: Production Detailsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Cost: 120-150$ Ci -1 ; sterile generators: 150-250$. 103 Pd ( liquid anion exchanger Amberlite La-2; HCl 0.1 M. Separation yields are low (2 -25%). Generator to be improved.…”

Section: Production Detailsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Generators with reactor produced parent nuclides include 28 Mg- 28 Al, 32 Si .32 P) 38 S _38 C1; « Ar .42 K) 47(^.47^ 90^.90^ 95 Zr-9S Nb, 97 Zr- 97 Nb, "Mo-" m Tc, 103 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactor Production of Radionuclides for Generators

Mani¹

1987

Radiochimica Acta

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In this review the salient aspects of reactor production of parent radionuclides which may be used for the preparation of generators for bio-medical, industrial and research applications are briefly discussed: preparation and selection of targets, optimum reactor irradiation, radiochemical processing and purification, specific activity, radionuclidic and other purity aspects, cost of production. The "Mo-" m Tc generator is only briefly considered owing to its wide coverage in the recent literature.

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Section: Production Detailsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Cost: 120-150$ Ci -1 ; sterile generators: 150-250$. 103 Pd ( liquid anion exchanger Amberlite La-2; HCl 0.1 M. Separation yields are low (2 -25%). Generator to be improved.…”

Section: Production Detailsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Reactor Production of Radionuclides for Generators

Mani¹

1987

Radiochimica Acta

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Anion exchange studies. XXVIII. Comparison of diffusion in anion exchange resins and quaternary amine solutions

Nelson

1959

J. Polym. Sci.

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Diffusion coefficients of ions in crosslinked organic ion exchangers are generally one or more orders of magnitude smaller than in dilute aqueous solutions. Since it has become useful to consider crosslinked ion exchange resins as concentrated electrolytes, one wonders to what extent the properties of concentrated electrolyte solutions may account for these low diffusion rates in resins.We have studied t,he diffusion of t,racer bromide ( B F , ti/, = 35.9h) in solutions of benzyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride, an amine salt arbitrarily selected because of its availability and high solubility, as a "model electrolyte" for resins of the quaternary amine polystyrene--divinylbenzene type. The results are compared with the diffnsion of tracer bromide in Ilowex-1 resin crosslinked with 8% DVB. Although benzyltrimethyammonium chloride (abbreviated BCl) is not strictly the repeating unit of the resin network, the data presented below show that its solutions represent a reasonably good model for diffusion in the resin.Diffusion coefficients in the resin, D R~(~) , were determined by a shallow bed elution technique.' Elution was carried out a t sufficiently high supporting electrolyte concentrations and flow rates so that diffusion through the resin particle may be assumed to tie the rate controlling step. Diffusion coefficients in the aqueous phase, D B~? were determined by a. modification of the frit method.2 Small porous porcelain slabs (ca. 0.5 X 8 X 12 mm.) were equilibrated with solutions containing BrB2 and rapidly eluted with the same solution not containing tracer. From the decrease in counting rate of t.he slabs with time, Dflr was computed2 after calibration of the slab with an electrolyte (NaBr) of known diffusion rate.The diffusion coefficients found in the resin as a function of aqueous LiCl concentration (~L~c I , where 771 represents moles per 1000 grams of water) are shown in Table I. With increasing LiCl concentrat,ion decreases rapidly from 8.2 X lo-' cm.l/ser. a t ~L~C I = 1 to 1.6 X 10-8 cm.2/sec. at n i~i c i = 16. The value in pure water, Dir = 2.07 X cm.l/rc., calmlated from the limiting equivalent conductanre of bromide ion ( A i r = 78.14 X lo6 ohm-' ~m .~/ e q u i v a l e n t )~ and the Nernst limiting equation, is considerably larger, as expected.The decrease of D B~(~) with increasing m L i c i in the aqueous phase is paralleled by invasion of the. resin by LiC1, i.e., by an increase in the total chloride concentration of the resin. At low m r x i invasion is negligible; it increases with increasing LiCl concentration, and a t high i n~i c i the concentration of LiCl in the resin may exceed that of the exchange sites. For example, the 8% I>VB resin equilibrated with a 16 molal LiCl solution contains, per 1000 g. of water in the resin, 16.8 moles of LiCl, 9.0 moles of exchange sites, or a total of 25.8 moles of C1-.Diffusion coeffirients, DB,, of trarcr tiromide in the aqueous phase were measured in various BCl-LiCl mixtures having compositions similar to those of the resin immersed in LiC1 solutio...

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Radionuclide Generators

2003

Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry

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Rapid ion-exchange techniques for radiochemical separations

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Reactor Production of Radionuclides for Generators

Reactor Production of Radionuclides for Generators

Anion exchange studies. XXVIII. Comparison of diffusion in anion exchange resins and quaternary amine solutions

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