Rapid, Label-Free, Electrical Whole Blood Bioassay Based on Nanobiosensor Systems

Abstract

Biomarker detection based on nanowire biosensors has attracted a significant amount of research effort in recent years. However, only very limited research work has been directed toward biomarker detection directly from physiological fluids mainly because of challenges caused by the complexity of media. This limitation significantly reduces the practical impact generated by the aforementioned nanobiosensors. In this study, we demonstrate an In(2)O(3) nanowire-based biosensing system that is capable of performing rapid, label-free, electrical detection of cancer biomarkers directly from human whole blood collected by a finger prick. Passivating the nanowire surface successfully blocked the signal induced by nonspecific binding when performing active measurement in whole blood. Passivated devices showed markedly smaller signals induced by nonspecific binding of proteins and other biomaterials in serum and higher sensitivity to target biomarkers than bare devices. The detection limit of passivated sensors for biomarkers in whole blood was similar to the detection limit for the same analyte in purified buffer solutions at the same ionic strength, suggesting minimal decrease in device performance in the complex media. We then demonstrated detection of multiple cancer biomarkers with high reliability at clinically meaningful concentrations from whole blood collected by a finger prick using this sensing system.

Modification and Potential Applications of Organic–Inorganic Non-Siliceous Hybrid Materials

“…In 2 O 3 nanowires were first grafted with 3-phosphonopropionic acid, and then, the terminal carboxylic acid groups were activated by EDC-NHS aqueous solution [122], resulting in a nanowire surface reactive toward the amine groups present on antibodies. After passivation with an amphipathic polymer (Tween 20), the resultant sensors were found to be capable of performing rapid, label-free, electrical detection of cancer biomarkers directly from human whole blood collected by a finger prick.…”

Transport Phenomena and Conduction Mechanism of Individual Cross‐Junction SnO2 Nanobelts

“…[25][26][27][28][29][30] However, till now most of the reported researches have been paid attention to individual or numerous onedimensional nanostructure nanodevices. [31][32][33][34] To the best of our investigation, few researches about cross-junction nanodevice assembled with metal oxide nanostructures have been reported.…”

Microfluidic Blood Typing Chip with Voltammetry Measurement

“…Alternatively, nanowires (NWs) are also thought of as ideal elements for sensing devices and have been widely employed in a wide variety of fields, such as gas sensing [6,7], chemical sensing [8], and biomolecule sensing [9,10]. Among the nanowire materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) is a chemically and thermally stable n-type semiconductor material.…”