“…3h and Supplementary Fig. 11d ), a combination that has not been reported in previous 3D-printed fused silica glass 11 , 12 , 16 , 18 – 23 , 31 – 35 and can be barely achieved using other lithography-based 3D printing techniques 16 , 18 – 23 , 31 , 33 , 34 . Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 73%
“…Figure 1e and Supplementary Table 1 compare our proposed OμSL of fused silica glass to other printed fused silica glasses to demonstrate its superior performance in terms of finest feature size and printing speed 11 , 12 , 16 , 18 – 23 , 31 – 35 . The other existing techniques, represented by selective laser melting (SLM) 11 , fused deposition modeling (FDM) 12 , 35 , stereolithography (SLA) 16 , 33 , 34 , computed axial lithography (CAL) 31 , and direct ink writing (DIW) 32 , possess relatively worse resolution. On the contrary, achieving high-precision fabrication, such as two-photon lithography (TPL) 18 – 23 , always involves navigating challenges related to efficiency and scalability.…”
The applications of silica-based glass have evolved alongside human civilization for thousands of years. High-precision manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) fused silica glass objects is required in various industries, ranging from everyday life to cutting-edge fields. Advanced 3D printing technologies have emerged as a potent tool for fabricating arbitrary glass objects with ultimate freedom and precision. Stereolithography and femtosecond laser direct writing respectively achieved their resolutions of ~50 μm and ~100 nm. However, fabricating glass structures with centimeter dimensions and sub-micron features remains challenging. Presented here, our study effectively bridges the gap through engineering suitable materials and utilizing one-photon micro-stereolithography (OμSL)-based 3D printing, which flexibly creates transparent and high-performance fused silica glass components with complex, 3D sub-micron architectures. Comprehensive characterizations confirm that the final material is stoichiometrically pure silica with high quality, defect-free morphology, and excellent optical properties. Homogeneous volumetric shrinkage further facilitates the smallest voxel, reducing the size from 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.0 μm3 to 0.8 × 0.8 × 0.5 μm3. This approach can be used to produce fused silica glass components with various 3D geometries featuring sub-micron details and millimetric dimensions. This showcases promising prospects in diverse fields, including micro-optics, microfluidics, mechanical metamaterials, and engineered surfaces.
“…3h and Supplementary Fig. 11d ), a combination that has not been reported in previous 3D-printed fused silica glass 11 , 12 , 16 , 18 – 23 , 31 – 35 and can be barely achieved using other lithography-based 3D printing techniques 16 , 18 – 23 , 31 , 33 , 34 . Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 73%
“…Figure 1e and Supplementary Table 1 compare our proposed OμSL of fused silica glass to other printed fused silica glasses to demonstrate its superior performance in terms of finest feature size and printing speed 11 , 12 , 16 , 18 – 23 , 31 – 35 . The other existing techniques, represented by selective laser melting (SLM) 11 , fused deposition modeling (FDM) 12 , 35 , stereolithography (SLA) 16 , 33 , 34 , computed axial lithography (CAL) 31 , and direct ink writing (DIW) 32 , possess relatively worse resolution. On the contrary, achieving high-precision fabrication, such as two-photon lithography (TPL) 18 – 23 , always involves navigating challenges related to efficiency and scalability.…”
The applications of silica-based glass have evolved alongside human civilization for thousands of years. High-precision manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) fused silica glass objects is required in various industries, ranging from everyday life to cutting-edge fields. Advanced 3D printing technologies have emerged as a potent tool for fabricating arbitrary glass objects with ultimate freedom and precision. Stereolithography and femtosecond laser direct writing respectively achieved their resolutions of ~50 μm and ~100 nm. However, fabricating glass structures with centimeter dimensions and sub-micron features remains challenging. Presented here, our study effectively bridges the gap through engineering suitable materials and utilizing one-photon micro-stereolithography (OμSL)-based 3D printing, which flexibly creates transparent and high-performance fused silica glass components with complex, 3D sub-micron architectures. Comprehensive characterizations confirm that the final material is stoichiometrically pure silica with high quality, defect-free morphology, and excellent optical properties. Homogeneous volumetric shrinkage further facilitates the smallest voxel, reducing the size from 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.0 μm3 to 0.8 × 0.8 × 0.5 μm3. This approach can be used to produce fused silica glass components with various 3D geometries featuring sub-micron details and millimetric dimensions. This showcases promising prospects in diverse fields, including micro-optics, microfluidics, mechanical metamaterials, and engineered surfaces.
“…Typical feedstock for room-temperature printing of silica-based glasses consists of reactive resins or suspensions loaded with inorganic precursors in the form of molecules 2 , 6 , 9 – 12 or particles 4 , 5 , 13 – 20 . Phase-separating resins comprising a photoreactive monomer mixture and metal alkoxide precursors are particularly attractive due to the possibility of printing glasses from multiple oxides with light-tunable nanoporosity below the resolution of the printer 2 , 21 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Complex-shaped objects can vary in size from millimeters to several centimeters, depending on the additive manufacturing technology employed. Moreover, oxide glasses with tailored nanoporosity and chemical composition can be produced by proper selection and design of the feedstock material, printing method and processing conditions 2 .Typical feedstock for room-temperature printing of silica-based glasses consists of reactive resins or suspensions loaded with inorganic precursors in the form of molecules 2,6,9-12 or particles 4,5,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Phase-separating resins comprising a photoreactive monomer mixture and metal alkoxide precursors are particularly attractive due to the possibility of printing glasses from multiple oxides with light-tunable nanoporosity below the resolution of the printer 2,21 .…”
Silica-based glasses can be shaped into complex geometries using a variety of additive manufacturing technologies. While the three-dimensional printing of glasses opens unprecedented design opportunities, the development of up-scaled, reliable manufacturing processes is crucial for the broader dissemination of this technology. Here, we design and study phase-separating resins that enable light-based 3D printing of oxide glasses with high-aspect-ratio features and enhanced manufacturing yields. The effect of the resin composition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and delamination resistance of parts printed by digital light processing is investigated with the help of printing experiments, compression tests and electron microscopy analysis. The chemical composition and microstructure of the cured resins were found to strongly affect the stiffness, delamination resistance, and calcination behavior of printed parts. These findings provide useful guidelines to enhance the reliability and yield of the DLP printing process of multicomponent silica-based glasses.
“…To fabricate such transparent SiO 2 glass components, the sintering process of SiO 2 -based gels/compacts which can be prepared through a gelation of SiO 2 particle suspensions or a sol–gel reaction of silicon alkoxides has been widely investigated by many researchers. − Furthermore, in recent years, the 3D structuring of transparent SiO 2 glass has attracted significant attention, owing to its ability to yield components with desired shapes and shape-related functions on demand. For instance, stereolithography-based processes (such as standard stereolithography, ,,, digital light processing, ,, and two-photon lithography , ) using photo-curable inks (which could be a siloxane-based pre-ceramic polymer , or a colloidal SiO 2 suspension with monomers ,,,,− ) and a direct ink writing process using rheology-controlled SiO 2 suspensions ,, are emerging techniques for the fabrication of complex-structured SiO 2 components, typically on the micrometer to millimeter scale. Contrastingly, injection molding and machining/curving of polymer composites of SiO 2 particles are promising approaches to shape large components with microstructures.…”
The
rapid manufacturing of transparent SiO2 glass components
via a hybridized 3D structuring approach for photo-curing and green
machining, followed by a fast debinding/sintering process (at a heating
rate of 20 °C min–1), is reported to be based
on the design of a new series of interparticle photo-cross-linkable
suspensions. In these suspensions, small amounts of multifunctional
acrylates and silane alkoxides with acryloyl groups (A-Si) are co-photo-polymerized
and further reacted with SiO2 particles modified using
functionalized polyethyleneimine to form hybridized interparticle
networks. The addition of A-Si increases the interparticle cross-linking
densities, leading to an improvement in the mechanical properties
and green machinability of the photo-cured bodies. Furthermore, the
A-Si component in the cross-links forms siloxane-based networks among
SiO2 particles in situ during the debinding/sintering
process, which increases the mechanical strength of the debinded bodies
and successfully prevents structural collapses under rapid heating
conditions. The study demonstrates that the photo-cured body from
the newly designed suspensions can be green-machined into pillars,
microfluids, and assembling blocks and can be sintered into highly
transparent SiO2 glass components. Overall, this work provides
new options for the time- and energy-effective processing of SiO2 glass materials with tailor-made 3D structures.
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