Rapid measurement of tacrolimus in whole blood by paper spray-tandem mass spectrometry (PS-MS/MS)

Shi, Run-Zhang; Gierari, El Taher M. El; Manicke, Nicholas E.; Faix, James D.

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2014.12.022

Cited by 79 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In some cases, immediate sample analysis is desired which makes room temperature drying undesirable. Accelerated drying by blowing warm air across the samples or placing the samples in an incubator at moderate temperatures (40-50°C) has been reported [4]. Analysis of wet samples has also been described, but the method must be modified to prevent cellular material from reaching the tip of the paper where ionization occurs.…”

Section: Sample Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Biofluids by Paper Spray MS: Advances and Challenges

2016

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Paper spray mass spectrometry (MS) is part of a cohort of ambient ionization or direct analysis methods that seek to analyze complex samples without prior sample preparation. Extraction and electrospray ionization occur directly from the paper substrate upon which a dried matrix spot is stored. Paper spray MS is capable of detecting drugs directly from dried blood, plasma, and urine spots at the low ng/mL to pg/mL levels without sample preparation. No front end separation is performed, so tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high resolution MS is required. Here, we discuss paper spray methodology, give a comprehensive literature review of the use of paper spray MS for bioanalysis, discuss technological advancements and variations on this technique, and discuss some of its limitations. _________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractPaper spray mass spectrometry (MS) is part of a cohort of ambient ionization or direct analysis methods that seek to analyze complex samples without prior sample preparation. Extraction and electrospray ionization occur directly from the paper substrate upon which a dried matrix spot is stored. Paper spray MS is capable of detecting drugs directly from dried blood, plasma, and urine spots at the low ng/mL to pg/mL levels without sample preparation. No front end separation is performed, so tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high resolution MS is required. Here, we discuss paper spray methodology, give a comprehensive literature review of the use of paper spray MS for bioanalysis, discuss technological advancements and variations on this technique, and discuss some of its limitations.

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Section: Sample Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extraction/spray solvent Some spray solvents commonly found in the literature include 90:10:0.01 methanol:water:acetic acid [8], 90:10 acetonitrile:water [5,9], and mixtures of methanol and chloroform [4,10]. Acetic or formic acid is often added in the spray solvent to encourage analyte protonation and to improve spray stability.…”

Section: Sample Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Biofluids by Paper Spray MS: Advances and Challenges

2016

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“…Paper spray is a member of this growing cohort of ambient ionization or direct analysis methods that was conceived because of the growing interest in storing and transporting blood samples as dried spots. One of the major applications of paper spray mass spectrometry has been screening and quantitative analysis of drugs and other small molecules from biofluids such as blood, urine, and plasma [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Matrix effects are known to occur in paper spray mass spectrometry when analyzing dried biofluids [4,13,27]. MS signal intensities obtained from the analysis of dried urine, blood, or plasma are almost always lower compared to analyzing an identical quantity of analyte without the presence of biofluids matrices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ionization Suppression and Recovery in Direct Biofluid Analysis Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry

Vega

Spence

Zhang

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Paper spray mass spectrometry is a method for the direct analysis of biofluid samples in which extraction of analytes from dried biofluid spots and electrospray ionization occur from the paper on which the dried sample is stored. We examined matrix effects in the analysis of small molecule drugs from urine, plasma, and whole blood. The general method was to spike stable isotope labeled analogs of each analyte into the spray solvent, while the analyte itself was in the dried biofluid. Intensity of the labeled analog is proportional to ionization efficiency, whereas the ratio of the analyte intensity to the labeled analog in the spray solvent is proportional to recovery. Ion suppression and recovery were found to be compound-and matrix-dependent. Highest levels of ion suppression were obtained for poor ionizers (e.g., analytes lacking basic aliphatic amine groups) in urine and approached -90%. Ion suppression was much lower or even absent for good ionizers (analytes with aliphatic amines) in dried blood spots. Recovery was generally highest in urine and lowest in blood. We also examined the effect of two experimental parameters on ion suppression and recovery: the spray solvent and the sample position (how far away from the paper tip the dried sample was spotted). Finally, the change in ion suppression and analyte elution as a function of time was examined by carrying out a paper spray analysis of dried plasma spots for 5 min by continually replenishing the spray solvent.

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“…Chemicals that are both soluble in the extraction/ spray solvent and ionizable will be detected immediately by the mass spectrometer. The entire analysis takes about 60 s. Reported applications include quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals from biofluid samples at low or sub-ng/mL levels [3][4][5], profiling of lipids in bacteria [6], detection of chemical contaminants in food [7], and analysis of acyl-carnitines from blood [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Separation of Opiate Isomers Using Electrospray Ionization and Paper Spray Coupled to High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Manicke

Belford

2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. One limitation in the growing field of ambient or direct analysis methods is reduced selectivity caused by the elimination of chromatographic separations prior to mass spectrometric analysis. We explored the use of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), an ambient pressure ion mobility technique, to separate the closely related opiate isomers of morphine, hydromorphone, and norcodeine. These isomers cannot be distinguished by tandem mass spectrometry. Separation prior to MS analysis is, therefore, required to distinguish these compounds, which are important in clinical chemistry and toxicology. FAIMS was coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, and ionization was performed using either a pneumatically assisted heated electrospray ionization source (H-ESI) or paper spray, a direct analysis method that has been applied to the direct analysis of dried blood spots and other complex samples. We found that FAIMS was capable of separating the three opiate structural isomers using both H-ESI and paper spray as the ionization source.

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Rapid measurement of tacrolimus in whole blood by paper spray-tandem mass spectrometry (PS-MS/MS)

Abstract: 2015). Rapid measurement of tacrolimus in whole blood by paper spray-tandem mass spectrometry (PS-MS/MS). Clinica Chimica Acta, 441, 99-104. http://dx

Cited by 79 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of Biofluids by Paper Spray MS: Advances and Challenges

Analysis of Biofluids by Paper Spray MS: Advances and Challenges

Ionization Suppression and Recovery in Direct Biofluid Analysis Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry

Separation of Opiate Isomers Using Electrospray Ionization and Paper Spray Coupled to High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry

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