Rapid Metabolome and Bioactivity Profiling of Fungi Associated with the Leaf and Rhizosphere of the Baltic Seagrass Zostera marina

Petersen, Lars-Erik; Marner, Michael; Labes, Antje; Taşdemir, Deniz

doi:10.3390/md17070419

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…have been previously reported as the dominant fungi of leaves in other culture-based studies of Z . marina [ 36 , 38 , 94 ], other seagrass species [ 26 , 34 , 35 , 41 , 95 , 96 ] and freshwater aquatic plants [ 90 ]. Additionally, Penicillium sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungi, bacteria and oomycota opportunistically isolated from the seagrass, Zostera marina

Ettinger

Eisen

2020

PLoS ONE

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Fungi in the marine environment are often neglected as a research topic, despite that fungi having critical roles on land as decomposers, pathogens or endophytes. Here we used culture-dependent methods to survey the fungi associated with the seagrass, Zostera marina, also obtaining bacteria and oomycete isolates in the process. A total of 108 fungi, 40 bacteria and 2 oomycetes were isolated. These isolates were then taxonomically identified using a combination of molecular and phylogenetic methods. The majority of the fungal isolates were classified as belonging to the classes Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. Most fungal isolates were habitat generalists like Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium sp., but we also cultured a diverse set of rare taxa including possible habitat specialists like Colletotrichum sp. which may preferentially associate with Z. marina leaf tissue. Although the bulk of bacterial isolates were identified as being from known ubiquitous marine lineages, we also obtained several Actinomycetes isolates and a Phyllobacterium sp. We identified two oomycetes, another understudied group of marine microbial eukaryotes, as Halophytophthora sp. which may be opportunistic pathogens or saprophytes of Z. marina. Overall, this study generates a culture collection of fungi which adds to knowledge of Z. marina associated fungi and highlights a need for more investigation into the functional and evolutionary roles of microbial eukaryotes associated with seagrasses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…high salinity), are known to perform ecologically important functions (e.g. degradation of organic matter) and represent sources of biologically interesting and active secondary metabolites [33,94,99].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi, bacteria and oomycota opportunistically isolated from the seagrass, Zostera marina

Ettinger

Eisen

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…and Cladosporium sp. have been previously reported as the dominant fungi of leaves in other culture-based studies of Z. marina (Shoemaker & Wyllie-Echeverria, 2013;Kirichuk & Pivkin, 2015;Petersen et al, 2019), other seagrass species (Alva et al, 2002;Devarajan & Suryanarayanan, 2002;Rodriguez, 2008;Sakayaroj et al, 2010;Mata & Cebrián, 2013;Venkatachalam et al, 2015) and freshwater aquatic plants (Sandberg et al, 2014). Additionally, Penicillium sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All small things considered: the diversity of fungi, bacteria and oomycota isolated from the seagrass,Zostera marina

Ettinger¹,

Eisen²

2020

Preprint

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Fungi in the marine environment are often neglected as a research topic, despite that fungi having critical roles on land as decomposers, pathogens or beneficial endophytes. Here we used culture-dependent methods to survey the fungi associated with the seagrass, Zostera marina, also obtaining bacteria and oomycete isolates in the process. A total of 108 fungi, 41 bacteria and 2 oomycetes were isolated. These isolates were then taxonomically identified using a combination of molecular and phylogenetic methods. The majority of the fungal isolates were classified as belonging to the classes Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. Most fungal isolates were habitat generalists like Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium sp., but we also cultured a diverse set of rare taxa including possible habitat specialists like Colletotrichum sp. which may preferentially associate with Z. marina leaf tissue. Although the bulk of bacterial isolates were identified as being from known ubiquitous marine lineages, we also obtained several Actinomycetes isolates which might produce interesting secondary metabolites and a Phyllobacterium sp. which may be involved in nitrogen cycling in the seagrass ecosystem. We identified two oomycetes, another understudied group of marine microbial eukaryotes, as Halophytophthora sp. which may be opportunistic pathogens of Z. marina. Overall, this study generates a culture collection of fungi, bacteria and oomycetes which expands knowledge of the diversity of Z. marina associated microbes and highlights a need for more investigation into the functional and evolutionary roles of microbial eukaryotes associated with seagrasses.

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“…the fungal community) associated with Z. marina. Culture-based studies have described a mycobiome composed of taxa in the classes Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Sordariomycetes (Shoemaker & Wyllie-Echeverria, 2013;Kirichuk & Pivkin, 2015;Petersen et al, 2019;Ettinger & Eisen, 2020). These studies consistently find dominance of a few ubiquitous taxa (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global diversity and biogeography of theZostera marinamycobiome

Ettinger

Vann

Eisen

2020

Preprint

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Seagrasses are marine flowering plants that provide critical ecosystem services in coastal environments worldwide. Marine fungi are often overlooked in microbiome and seagrass studies, despite terrestrial fungi having critical functional roles as decomposers, pathogens or endophytes in global ecosystems. Here we characterize the distribution of fungi associated with the seagrass, Zostera marina, using leaves, roots, and rhizosphere sediment from 16 locations across its full biogeographic range. Using high throughput sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 18S ribosomal RNA gene, we first measured fungal community composition and diversity, then we tested hypotheses of neutral community assembly theory and the degree to which deviations suggested amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were plant-selected or dispersal-limited, and finally we identified a core mycobiome and investigated the global distribution of differentially abundant ASVs. Our results show that the fungal community is significantly different between sites and follows a weak, but significant pattern of distance decay. Generally, there was evidence for both deterministic and stochastic factors contributing to community assembly of the mycobiome. The Z. marina core leaf and root mycobiomes are dominated by unclassified Sordariomycetes spp., unclassified Chytridiomycota lineages (including Lobulomycetaceae spp.), unclassified Capnodiales spp. and Saccharomyces sp. A few ASVs (e.g. Lobulomyces sp.) appear restricted to one or a handful of locations (e.g. possibly due to local adaptation, deterministic dispersal limitation or seasonal bloom events), while others (e.g. Saccharomyces sp.) are more ubiquitous across all locations suggesting a true global distribution and possible plant-selection. Fungal guilds associated with Z. marina were only weakly identified (10.12% of ITS region and 3.4% 18S rRNA gene ASV guild assignments were considered highly probable) including wood saprotrophs, ectomycorrhizal fungi, endophytic fungi and plant pathogens. Our results are similar to those found for other seagrass species. It is clear from the many unclassified fungal ASVs and fungal functional guilds, that our knowledge of marine fungi is still rudimentary. Further studies characterizing seagrass-associated fungi are needed to understand the roles of these microorganisms generally and when associated with seagrasses.

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Rapid Metabolome and Bioactivity Profiling of Fungi Associated with the Leaf and Rhizosphere of the Baltic Seagrass Zostera marina

Cited by 23 publications

References 85 publications

Fungi, bacteria and oomycota opportunistically isolated from the seagrass, Zostera marina

Fungi, bacteria and oomycota opportunistically isolated from the seagrass, Zostera marina

All small things considered: the diversity of fungi, bacteria and oomycota isolated from the seagrass,Zostera marina

Global diversity and biogeography of theZostera marinamycobiome

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