Rapid Method for Separation and Analysis of Radioactive Fission Gases

Koch, R.C.; Grandy, G.L.

doi:10.1021/ac60169a012

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A semimicro chromatographic method for the the separation of krypton from xenon has been described by Janak (4). A gas chromatographic procedure has been described by Koch and Grandy (5) for the separation of krypton isotopes from xenon isotopes in helium streams containing mixed fission gases. Charcoal beds were used for both the sampling and gas chromatographic steps.…”

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of low levels of krypton in helium by gas chromatography

Evans¹,

Mukherji²

1980

Anal. Chem.

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579maintain an aspiration rate of 1.2 mL min-', and operating all nebulizers a t 103 kPa pressure differential, the Plasma-Therm crossflow blocked after 10 min, the Meinhard nebulizer blocked after 15 min, and the fixed crossflow design showed no signs of blockage after 60 min of continuous operation. Blockage of the other units was indicated by a rapid drop in nebulization gas flow rate. The units were all operated disconnected from the plasma torch, as experience has shown that aspiration of 20% NaCl solution into an operating plasma over time intervals of the order of 10 min leads to encrustation of salt on the sample injection tube tip. The consequent localized heating can lead to devitrification and structural collapse of the injection tube tip. In certain commercial instrumentation, the Meinhard type of nebulizer is able to run with solutions containing 2&30% salt content by use of wetted Ar gas and a computer controlled switching procedure (19). By this means, the gas passageway is rinsed with 50-100 pL of water following each measurement period. With the fixed crossflow nebulizer, this complicated procedure is unnecessary for routine operation with solutions of high dissolved-solid content. Particulate matter in the sample may, of course, still cause blockage problems for the solution uptake capillary, but this type of blockage can be readily removed with a cleaning wire.Cross contamination effects were also investigated with both Type A and Type B fixed crossflow nebulizers. Type B gave wash-out times comparable to the combination of a variable crossflow nebulizer and a Scott chamber. Type A (large droplet recycling design) required longer wash times at higher solution concentrations, as would be anticipated. CONCLUSIONSThe fixed crossflow nebulizer described in this study has most of the characteristics desirable for ICP sample introduction. It produces a spray with a suitably small droplet size distribution, using a low nebulization gas flow, is stable in operation, and does not block readily. However, should blockage occur, the nebulizer is sufficiently robust that it can be cleaned with a wire. All alignments are made during construction, and so no further adjustments are necessary during routine operation. In addition, the large-droplet recycling version should prove very valuable when sample volume is restricted, as in much clinical analysis.

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Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of low levels of krypton in helium by gas chromatography

Evans¹,

Mukherji²

1980

Anal. Chem.

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“…Retention data for the various oxides and associated common gases on specially prepared silica gel also were reported (322). The speed of a procedure for the analysis of krypton and xenon isotopes in helium on charcoal was enhanced by stepwise temperature programming (265).…”

Section: Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography

Nogare¹,

Juvet²

1962

Anal. Chem.

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“…A Fe(OH)3 scavenging precipitation is performed, and cobalt is precipitated as potassium cobaltinitrite and is electroplated on a platinum disk from an NH4SO4-NH4OH solution. Cobalt is weighed as the metal, and Co58 and Co60 are assayed by a gamma spectrum analysis method described elsewhere (5). Cobalt-60 is determined through the 2.50-m.e.v.…”

Section: Anionic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%