Rapid Microchemical Soil Tests

Peech, Michael; English, Leah

doi:10.1097/00010694-194403000-00001

Cited by 154 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Potassium, calcium, and magnesium were determined by turbidimetric methods adapted from the procedures described by PEiECH and ENGLISH (10) table I. Also, the trees on certain of the rootstocks set fruit a year or two earlier than others, and this may influence, in some way, the mineral content of the leaves (table I).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Rootstock on the Mineral Composition of Valencia Orange Leaves

Smith¹,

Reuther²,

Specht³

1949

Plant Physiol.

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Rootstocks have been shown (7,8, 9,11,13) to exert an influence on tree growth, disease resistance, and fruit quality factors of various types of citrus. Recent work in California (5,6) in which the leaves of orange, grapefruit, and lemon trees on a large number of different rootstocks were analyzed for several nutritive elements, strongly suggests that the amounts of these minerals in the scion leaves may be affeeted by the rootstock used.Since one of the objectives of the nutritionial research program at this station is an attempt to associate the mineral composition of citrus leaves with tree performance, fruit quality, and fertilizer utilization, it is desirable to know as much as possible about the effect of rootstock on the mineral content of the leaves. Some information on eleven nutrient elements has been obtained with Valencia orange trees on six different rootstocks, under Florida conditions, and is presented herewith. Materials and methodsA rootstock test with Valencia orange was laid out in a randomized block arrangement in 1942 by other members of this station staff for the purpose of comparing the six rootstocks in respect to their effect on various aspects of tree growth, yield, and fruit quality. The rootstocks used were sour orange (Citrus Aurantiurm), Rough lemon (C. Linton), Rusk citrange (Poncirts trifoliata x C. sinensis), Bowen grapefruit (C. paradisi), Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata) and Parson Brown (sweet) orange (C. sinensis). The budded trees were two years old when the experiment started, and had been in the field five years when leaves were taken for analysis in late July, 1947. The soil is Lakeland fine sand located near Tavares, Florida. A complete mixed fertilizer (N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B) was applied uniformly to all plots three times each year. During the first three years applications were made manually, while a mechanical distributor was used for the last two years. Dolomitic limestone was applied uniformly to the entire experimental area at intervals in amounts sufficient to maintain the acidity of the soil at about pH 5.5. No nutritional sprays were applied at any time.Thirty-six 6-months-old leaves from non-fruiting shoots of the spring flush were collected in a uniform manner from each plot of three trees, with nine replications for each rootstock. The leaves were throughly scrubbed in a neutral detergent solution (sodium lauryl sulphate), rinsed four times in distilled water, dried to constant weight at 500 C, ground to a fine powder in a semi-micro Wiley mill provided with a nickel-coated

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Rootstock on the Mineral Composition of Valencia Orange Leaves

Smith¹,

Reuther²,

Specht³

1949

Plant Physiol.

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“…10 cm diameter ) of topsoil, dried at 40°C in a forced draught oven for 16 h and sieved to pass a 2 mm mesh. Soil test P, K, and Mg were determined by Morgan's extracting solution (10% Na-acetate in 3% acetic acid buffered at pH 4.8), and the results were analyzed and expressed on a volumetric basis (Peech and English, 1944). Lime requirement (LR) was measured by a pH-buffer-solution method (Shoemaker et al, 1961), and pH was analyzed using a calomel electrode with sleeve-type connection.…”

Section: Soil Sampling and Analyses Of Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variation of soil test phosphorus in a long‐term grazed experimental grassland field

Tunney

Zhang

2010

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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The spatial variation of soil test P (STP) in grassland soils is becoming important because of the use of STP as a basis for policies such as the recently EU-introduced Nitrate Directive. This research investigates the spatial variation of soil P in grazed grassland plots with a long-term (38 y) experiment. A total of 326 soil samples (including 14 samples from an adjacent grasswood buffer zone) were collected based on a 10 × 10 m 2 grid system. The samples were measured for STP and other nutrients. The results were analyzed using conventional statistics, geostatistics, and a geographic information system (GIS). Soil test P concentrations followed a lognormal distribution, with a median of 5.30 mg L -1 and a geometric mean of 5.35 mg L -1 . Statistically significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation between STP and pH was found. Spatial clusters and spatial outliers were detected using the local Moran's I index (a local indicator of spatial association) and were mapped using GIS. An obvious low-value spatial-cluster area was observed on the plots that received zero-P fertilizer application from 1968 to 1998 and a large high-value spatial-cluster area was found on the relatively high-P fertilizer application plots (15 kg ha -1 y -1 ). The local Moran's I index was also effective in detecting spatial outliers, especially at locations close to spatial-cluster areas. To obtain a reliable and stable spatial structure, semivariogram of soil-P data was produced after elimination of spatial outliers. A spherical model with a nugget effect was chosen to fit the experimental semivariogram. The spatial-distribution map of soil P was produced using the kriging interpolation method. The interpolated distribution map was dominated by medium STP values, ranging from 3 mg to 8 mg L -1 . An evidently low-P-value area was present in the upper side of the study area, as zero or short-term P fertilizer was applied on the plots. Meanwhile, high-P-value area was located mainly on the plots receiving 15 kg P ha -1 y -1 (for 38 y) as these plots accumulated excess P after a long-term P-fertilizer spreading. The high-or low-value patterns were in line with the spatial clusters. Geostatistics, combined with GIS and the local spatial autocorrelation index, provides a useful tool for analyzing the spatial variation in soil nutrients.

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“…When dried samples were used it was found that a few milliliters of ethyl alcohol as a wetting agent facilitated the extraction. After the extraction period, measured quantities of activated carbon were added to each flask (11). The flasks were shaken and the contents filtered through Whatman's number 12 filter paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soluble nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in the cleared extracts were determined by colorimetric and turbidimetric measurements using a KlettSummerson photoelectric colorimeter. Nitrate nitrogen was determined by a modification of the brucine hydrochloride method as described by PEECH and ENGLISH (11). It was found necessary to allow the samples to stand 10 minutes on a steam bath after the addition of the sulphuric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%