Rapid microwave-assisted distillation–precipitation polymerization for the synthesis of magnetic molecular imprinted polymers coupled to HPTLC determination of perphenazine in human urine

Abstract

Microwave-assisted distillation–precipitation polymerization (MWDPP) for the synthesis of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) under atmospheric pressure is reported.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Dispersive (Micro)Solid Phase Extraction: A Review

“…Similarly, poly (vinyl alcohol) [59] is also a source of hydroxyl and vinyl groups for reacting with the pre-polymerization components. A magnetic core surface rich in vinyl groups can be also obtained by treating the prepared Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with acrylic acid [60] or by one-step co-precipitation of Fe 3 O 4 in the presence of methacrylic acid [61]. The main advantage of using these reagents for magnetite surface modification is the simplicity of the procedure and the moderate operating conditions (room temperature or ice-bath).…”

Sample Preparation Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

“…94 In most of the cases, 5-100 mg of particles are dispersed in the samples. The ratio between the amount of MIP particles and the volume of the sample, that has only been optimized in some cases, 68,180 can be lower than 1, 32,33,44,94,143,158,169,179 between 1 and 10, 45,50,58,59,61,64,65,89,98,106,107,111,114,117,147,154,155,[163][164][165]170,177,178,185 or up to 50 34,66,69,144,149,168,174,181,188 and even 250 mg/mL. 43 Environmental waters were filtered 172 or directly put in contact with the MIP particles for the extraction of target analytes.…”

“…144 Wine samples were first treated by LLE to remove some interfering compounds. 154 Urine samples were extracted without any treatment, 113,164,173 or after pH adjustment, 165 filtration, 174 centrifugation, 147 dilution by a factor of 25, 153 or a complex sample pretreatment involving a dilution with a buffer (1:1, v/v) and a first SPE extraction step on C18 silica. 149 For serum samples, a direct extraction, 173 a dilution by a factor 50, 111 100, 105,106 150, 114 200 118 or 250, 66 or a protein precipitation step 69 that can be followed by a dilution with a buffer was proposed.…”

“…32 As with conventional dSPE sorbents, the key-parameters to be optimized are the sample volume, the ratio of the sample volume and the amount of sorbent, the extraction time, the agitation rate, the pH of the sample, the nature of the solvent, and the time required for desorption. 189 In MIP-dSPE, a washing step was in some cases introduced before desorption to remove some interfering compounds, 50,62,162,164,165,170,173 but no real optimization of this step was reported. Some other parameters can also be studied such as the number of extraction or desorption steps or the use of shaking devices (rotary shaker, ultrasonic bath).…”

Designing and controlling the morphology of spherical molecularly imprinted polymers

“…To shorten the polymerization time, distillation precipitation polymerization (DPP) was developed, in which some of the solvent was distilled off during the polymerization process to accelerate the precipitation of MIPs. [36][37][38] prepared MIPs by DPP for detection of BPA with a diameter of about 2 mm. Higher reaction temperature used in DPP resulted in decreased particle diameter.…”