“…Fluorescence fingerprints (FFs) have been demonstrated to be a rapid and noninvasive technique to monitor the freshness status of frozen seafood without thawing the meat (Bui et al, 2018;ElMasry et al, 2015ElMasry et al, , 2016Rahman et al, 2019Rahman et al, , 2021Rahman et al, , 2022Shibata et al, 2018). We have previously investigated a method (FFs) to evaluate freshness by using only white meat (Rahman et al, 2019(Rahman et al, , 2022Shibata et al, 2018), which accounts for a high percentage of edible fish meat.…”