Early detection of pancreatic cancer is key to overcoming its poor prognosis. a v b 3 -integrin is often overexpressed in pancreatic tumor cells, whereas it is scarcely expressed in normal pancreatic cells. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of SPECT imaging with 111 In-1,4,7,10-tetraazacylododecane-N,N9,N$,N999-tetraacetic acidcyclo-(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys) [ 111 In-DOTA-c(RGDfK)], an imaging probe of a v b 3 -integrin, for the early detection of pancreatic cancer in a hamster pancreatic carcinogenesis model. Methods: Hamsters were subcutaneously injected with the pancreatic duct carcinogen N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine to induce pancreatic cancer. N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine-treated hamsters underwent in vivo SPECT with 111 In-DOTA-c(RGDfK). After imaging, the tumorto-normal pancreatic tissue radioactivity ratios in excised pancreatic samples were measured with autoradiography (ARG) and compared with the immunopathologic findings for a v b 3 -integrin. In a mouse model in which inflammation was induced with turpentine, the uptake of 111 In-DOTA-c(RGDfK) in inflammatory regions was evaluated with ARG and compared with that of 18 F-FDG. Results: 111 In-DOTA-c(RGDfK) was clearly visualized in pancreatic cancer lesions as small as 3 mm in diameter. ARG analysis revealed high tumor-to-normal pancreatic tissue radioactivity ratios (4.6 6 1.0 [mean 6 SD] in adenocarcinoma and 3.3 6 1.4 in atypical hyperplasia). The uptake of 111 In-DOTA-c(RGDfK) strongly correlated with a v b 3 -integrin expression. In the inflammatory model, inflammation-to-muscle ratios for In-DOTA-c(RGDfK) were 8.37 6 4.37 and 1.98 6 0.60, respectively. These results imply that 111 In-DOTA-c(RGDfK) has a lower rate of false-positive tumor detection than 18 F-FDG. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SPECT with 111 In-DOTA-c(RGDfK) has great potential for the early and accurate detection of pancreatic cancer.