Rapid Prototyping

Gurr, Matthias; Mülhaupt, Rolf

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53349-4.00202-8

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Two counter‐rotating driving wheels transport the filament into a hot die, in which the material melts. The molten filament is extruded through a moving nozzle head onto a printing surface, resulting in a layer‐by‐layer fabrication of structural elements according to CAD‐defined layer contours . This additive approach shows plenty of advantages over conventional manufacturing methods .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of mechanical properties of glass‐spheres‐filled polypropylene composites for extrusion‐based additive manufacturing

et al. 2017

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Polypropylene (PP) parts produced by extrusion‐based additive manufacturing (EB‐AM) suffer from warpage issues due to their high degree of crystallinity and orientations introduced during printing. These issues can be overcome by the addition of spherical fillers. However, the low aspect ratio of the filler and high filling degrees necessary for preventing warpage downgrade the mechanical properties, especially the toughness. This study aims at optimizing a PP‐compound containing spherical glass microspheres for the application in EB‐AM by maximizing the matrix–filler compatibility and therefore the printability, tensile properties and toughness, while still counteracting dimensional inaccuracies. A detailed study on the tensile, fracture, thermal, rheological, and impact properties of various compounds containing different glass types was conducted. It was shown that for EB‐AM applications, PP compounds based on borosilicate glass spheres outperform compounds filled with the conventionally used inorganic soda lime glass. The proposed optimized composite exhibits an exceptional interfacial adhesion between the microspheres and the matrix and a homogeneous filler distribution. It offers an improved processability and tensile properties up to the yield point comparable to those of neat PP. In a concluding impact test on printed composites, the optimized system exhibited impact energies 80% higher than compounds containing the conventionally used glass. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:638–651, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of mechanical properties of glass‐spheres‐filled polypropylene composites for extrusion‐based additive manufacturing

et al. 2017

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“…The key advantage of FDM is the durability of materials, high quality of objects and stability of their mechanical properties over time. The materials employed in this technology are, for instance, e.g., ABS, [ 17 , 18 ]. Selective Laser Melting (SLM), or 3D metal printing, is becoming increasingly popular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Prototyping of Pneumatic Directional Control Valves

2021

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The main objective of the study was to design a pneumatic directional control valve for controlling pneumatic drives and produce it using a rapid prototyping technique. As the basic design assumption was to achieve high performance through a high flow rate and a low pressure drop, it was necessary to determine two flow parameters: the sonic conductance and the critical pressure ratio. The flow rate of compressed air and the diameters of the pneumatic conduits and fittings are important as they affect the rate of travel of the pneumatic cylinder piston. The 3D solid model of the directional control valve, developed in a CAD program, was used to simulate and optimize the flow rate. The analysis was performed by means of ANSYS CFX, a computational flow dynamics program. The main elements of the valve, i.e., the spool and the body, were produced using the PolyJet Matrix technology. The prototype was tested experimentally to determine the nominal flow-rate, calculate the flow parameters in accordance with the ISO 6358-1989 standard and compare them with the CFD simulation data. The simulation results showed very good agreement with the measurement data. The CFD analysis of the 3D solid model enabled us to optimize the flow of compressed air through the valve. The rapid prototyping method was found to be suitable to produce a fully functional directional control valve, which was confirmed through measurements at a test stand. The attempt to combine rapid prototyping used to fabricate pneumatic directional control valves with CFD used to simulate their operation was successful. The study shows that it is possible to design and construct a fully functional directional control valve characterized by high efficiency, high performance and a small pressure loss in a very short time and at a very low cost, which makes rapid prototyping superior to conventional methods of prototype making.

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“…The technique is based on the selective deposition of thermoplastic filaments, which are transported by counter-rotating driving wheels through a nozzle that moves according to a predefined contour [ 2 ]. Complex three-dimensional parts are shaped by a layer-by-layer deposition of the liquefied material onto a build platform [ 3 ]. The equipment used in FFF is relatively inexpensive, compared to other additive manufacturing technologies, and is safe and simple to operate [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of the Adhesion of Polypropylene-Based Materials during Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2018

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Polypropylene (PP) parts produced by means of extrusion-based additive manufacturing, also known as fused filament fabrication, are prone to detaching from the build platform due to their strong tendency to shrink and warp. Apart from incorporating high volume fractions of fillers, one approach to mitigate this issue is to improve the adhesion between the first deposited layer and the build platform. However, a major challenge for PP is the lack of adhesion on standard platform materials, as well as a high risk of welding on PP-based platform materials. This study reports the material selection of build platform alternatives based on contact angle measurements. The adhesion forces, investigated by shear-off measurements, between PP-based filaments and the most promising platform material, an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE), were optimised by a thorough parametric study. Higher adhesion forces were measured by increasing the platform and extrusion temperatures, increasing the flow rate and decreasing the thickness of the first layer. Apart from changes in printer settings, an increased surface roughness of the UHMW-PE platform led to a sufficient, weld-free adhesion for large-area parts of PP-based filaments, due to improved wetting, mechanical interlockings, and an increased surface area between the two materials in contact.

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Rapid Prototyping

Cited by 23 publications

References 72 publications

Optimization of mechanical properties of glass‐spheres‐filled polypropylene composites for extrusion‐based additive manufacturing

Optimization of mechanical properties of glass‐spheres‐filled polypropylene composites for extrusion‐based additive manufacturing

Rapid Prototyping of Pneumatic Directional Control Valves

Optimisation of the Adhesion of Polypropylene-Based Materials during Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

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