Rapid Prototyping of Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Control using FPGA for Electric Vehicle Charging Applications

Design and Validation of a Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Control for Electric Vehicles Using FPGA-in-the-Loop Methodology

“…PID is the elementary control method and is defined by [32]: The objective of PID design is to compensate the output of the converter transfer function to obtain the desired dynamic response. Different approaches have been proposed for this objective: Zielger-Nichols method [23], polynomial fitting [20] and software algorithms [33]. The advantage of the last approach is the ability to easily compare multiple scenarios to select the optimal control.…”

“…Similarly, Liu et al [21] report an FPGA-MPC control for a buck converter with 12 VDC input voltage and settling times also in the order of 10 −3 s. In the study [22], PI was FPGA implemented for a DAB converter with 1.1kV voltage rating and switching frequency also in the kHz range. PI control for a bidirectional boost-buck converter is FPGA implemented in the study [23] with 20kHz switching frequency and input/output voltage of 288/450 VDC. Therefore, the contribution of this work is to present the design and FPGA-in-the-loop validation of a PID control algorithm for a bidirectional converter with four modes of operation, 400 VDC input voltage and 500 kHz switching frequency.…”

“…Proportional Integral (PI) was used to estimate the required number of PS between the bridges and, implemented for 5 DAB converters with a single FPGA [22]. A bidirectional converter control was designed for an EV application in the [23]. The converter interfaced between the high-voltage battery and the motor.…”

Comparative Examination of Control Strategies in DC-DC Power Converters: A Traditional and Artificial Intelligence Perspective

“…Due to the high sensitivity of the derivative term in PID control, it is often omitted [15]. Experimental validation of PID for DC-DC converters has been demonstrated using microcontrollers [6,7] or FPGAs [11,16]. Apart from serving as the benchmark, PID control has also been integrated with other control techniques, as will be outlined in subsequent sections.…”