“…1,2 Therefore, there is a need to develop highly sensitive sensing strategies for the clinical detection of biomarkers. Several bioassays have been developed for the flexible detection of cancer markers in whole blood, such as fluorescence, 3,4 photothermal, [5][6][7][8] electrochemical, [9][10][11] and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [12][13][14] assays. Photoelectrochemical analysis methods, as a sensitive testing strategy to explore the interaction of biomolecules with electrode surfaces, have propelled bioanalysis forward.…”