Rapid Quaternary subsidence in the northwestern German North Sea

Arfai, Jashar; Franke, Dieter; Lutz, Rüdiger; Reinhardt, Lutz; Kley, Jonas; Gaedicke, Christoph

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29638-6

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Back et al, 2011;Esmerode et al, 2008), and in the German North Sea Sector (Arfai, Lutz, Franke, Gaedicke, & Kley, 2015). Similar features crosscutting stratigraphy have been recognized in other parts of the basin that contain producing oil fields, for example, around diapirs (Skjold, Gorm, Nils), in the Roar Gas Field (c.f.…”

Section: Concepts In the Seismic Chalk Paradigmsupporting

confidence: 67%

Seismic geomorphology and origin of diagenetic geobodies in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of the North Sea Basin (Danish Central Graben)

et al. 2018

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Kilometre-scale geobodies of diagenetic origin have been documented for the first time in a high-resolution 3D seismic survey of the Upper Cretaceous chalks of the Danish Central Graben, North Sea Basin. Based on detailed geochemical, petrographic and petrophysical analyses, it is demonstrated that the geobodies are of an open-system diagenetic origin caused by ascending basin fluids guided by faults and stratigraphic heterogeneities. Increased amounts of porosity-occluding cementation, contact cement and/or high-density/high-velocity minerals caused an impedance contrast that can be mapped in seismic data, and represent a hitherto unrecognized, third type of heterogeneity in the chalk deposits in addition to the well-known sedimentological and structural features. The distribution of the diagenetic geobodies is controlled by porosity/permeability contrasts of stratigraphic origin, such as hardgrounds associated with formation tops, and the feeder fault systems. One of these, the Top Campanian Unconformity at the top of the Gorm Formation, is particularly effective and created a basin-wide barrier separating low-porosity chalk below from high-porosity chalk above (a Regional Porosity Marker, RPM). It is in particular in this upper high-porosity unit (Tor and EkofiskFormations) that the diagenetic geobodies occur, delineated by "Stratigraphy Cross-cutting Reflectors" (SCRs) of which eight different types have been distinguished. The geobodies have been interpreted as the result of: (i) escaping pore fluids due to top seal failure, followed by local mechanical compaction of highporous chalks, paired with (ii) ascension of basinal diagenetic fluids along fault systems that locally triggered cementation of calcite and dolomite within the chalk, causing increased contact cements and/or reducing porosity. The migration pathway of the fluids is marked by the SCRs, which are the outlines of highdensity bodies of chalk nested in highly porous chalks. This study, thus, provides new insights into the 3D relationship between fault systems, fluid migration and diagenesis in chalks and has important applications for basin modelling and reservoir characterization.---

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Section: Concepts In the Seismic Chalk Paradigmsupporting

confidence: 67%

Seismic geomorphology and origin of diagenetic geobodies in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of the North Sea Basin (Danish Central Graben)

et al. 2018

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“…Natural Earth factors such as neotectonics [1], volcanic eruptions [2], earthquakes [3] and anthropogenic activities including surface and subsurface urban building [4,5], oil and groundwater extraction [6,7] and mining [8] can all cause land subsidence. This type of phenomenon has been witnessed in various regions around the world for decades [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Subsidence Estimation for Aquifer Drainage Induced by Underground Mining

Guzy

Witkowski

2021

Energies

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Land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal induced by mining is a relatively unknown phenomenon. This is primarily due to the small scale of such movements compared to the land subsidence caused by deposit extraction. Nonetheless, the environmental impact of drainage-related land subsidence remains underestimated. The research was carried out in the “Bogdanka” coal mine in Poland. First, the historical impact of mining on land subsidence and groundwater head changes was investigated. The outcomes of these studies were used to construct the influence method model. With field data, our model was successfully calibrated and validated. Finally, it was used for land subsidence estimation for 2030. As per the findings, the field of mining exploitation has the greatest land subsidence. In 2014, the maximum value of the phenomenon was 0.313 cm. However, this value will reach 0.364 m by 2030. The spatial extent of land subsidence caused by mining-induced drainage extends up to 20 km beyond the mining area’s boundaries. The presented model provided land subsidence patterns without the need for a complex numerical subsidence model. As a result, the method presented can be effectively used for land subsidence regulation plans considering the impact of mining on the aquifer system.

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“…Verweij & Simmelink 2002; Stewart 2007; Arfai et al . 2018). However, salt‐tectonic deformation of Cenozoic strata is relatively rare in the southern North Sea, as deformation affects predominantly pre‐Palaeogene strata (Harding & Huuse 2015; Ward et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt‐induced crestal faults control the formation of Quaternary tunnel valleys in the southern North Sea

Wenau

Alves

2020

Boreas

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Tunnel valleys are major features of glaciated margins and they enable meltwater expulsion from underneath a thick ice cover. Their formation is related to the erosion of subglacial sediments by overpressured meltwater and direct glacial erosion. Yet, the impact of pre‐existing structures on their formation and morphology remains poorly known. High‐quality 3D seismic data allowed the mapping of a large tunnel valley that eroded underlying preglacial delta deposits in the southern North Sea. The valley follows the N–S strike of crestal faults related to a Zechstein salt wall. A change in downstream tunnel valley orientation towards the SE accompanies a change in the strike direction of salt‐induced faults. Fault offsets indicate important activity of crestal faults during the deposition of preglacial deltaic sediments. We propose that crestal faults facilitated tunnel valley erosion by acting as high‐permeability pathways and allowing subglacial meltwater to reach low‐permeability sediments in the underlying Neogene deltaic sequences, ultimately resulting in meltwater overpressure build‐up and tunnel valley excavation. Active faults probably also weakened the near‐surface sediment to allow a more efficient erosion of the glacial substrate. This control of substrate structures on tunnel valley morphology is considered as a primary factor in subglacial drainage pattern development in the study area.

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Rapid Quaternary subsidence in the northwestern German North Sea

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Seismic geomorphology and origin of diagenetic geobodies in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of the North Sea Basin (Danish Central Graben)

Seismic geomorphology and origin of diagenetic geobodies in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of the North Sea Basin (Danish Central Graben)

Land Subsidence Estimation for Aquifer Drainage Induced by Underground Mining

Salt‐induced crestal faults control the formation of Quaternary tunnel valleys in the southern North Sea

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