Rapid regional surface uplift of the northern Altiplano plateau revealed by multiproxy paleoclimate reconstruction

Kar, Nandini; Garzione, Carmala N.; Jaramillo, Carlos; Shanahan, T. M.; Carlotto, Vı́ctor; Pullen, Alex; Moreno, Federico; Anderson, Veronica J.; Moreno, Enrique; Eiler, John M.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.025

Cited by 64 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…Over the same time interval (∼5–16 Ma) paleoelevation proxies infer there has been 1–3 km of surface uplift in the high Andes of southern Peru and Bolivia (e.g., Barke & Lamb, , Garzione et al, , , ; Kar et al, ; Saylor & Horton, ). In addition, structural reconstructions and proxies for rock exhumation have recorded a distinct shift in the locus, rate, and style of deformation on the eastern edge of the Andes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Geological evidence of recent normal faulting in the high Andes is widespread, with examples of extensional structures in regions at elevations >3,000 m from central and southern Peru (Benavente et al, 2013;Dalmayrac & Molnar, 1981;Kar et al, 2016;Mercier et al, 1992;Sébrier et al, 1985Sébrier et al, , 1988Veloza et al, 2012), northern Chile (Tibaldi & Bonali, 2018;Tibaldi et al, 2009), southern and northern Bolivia (Lamb, 2000;Lavenu et al, 2000;Mercier, 1981), and northern Argentina (Cladouhos et al, 1994;Lavenu et al, 2000;Marrett et al, 1994;Schoenbohm & Strecker, 2009;Figures 9a and 13). The timing of motion on these normal faults can be bracketed by cross-cutting relationships with the extensive volcanics erupted continually throughout the Andean orogeny.…”

Section: Late Miocene Change In the Dynamics Of The Andesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The timing of motion on these normal faults can be bracketed by cross-cutting relationships with the extensive volcanics erupted continually throughout the Andean orogeny. The earliest evidence of extension in the high Andes varies from ∼7-9 Ma in southern Bolivia and northern Argentina (Cladouhos et al, 1994;Montero Lopez et al, 2010) to ∼5-7 Ma in central and southern Peru (Benavente et al, 2013;Cabrera et al, 1991;Giovanni et al, 2010;Kar et al, 2016;Mercier, 1981) and follows an earlier period of widespread approximately E-W compression (Elger et al, 2005;Ellison et al, 1989;Megard et al, 1984;Mercier et al, 1992;Sébrier et al, 1985;Tibaldi et al, 2009). Within the central Bolivian Altiplano folded Pliocene strata in the Corque-Corococo basin imply the shallow crust experienced waning shortening between ∼10 and 3 Ma (Hoke & Lamb, 2007;Lamb, 2011) and has recently been undeforming (Elger et al, 2005;Lamb, 2011;Figure 13).…”

Section: Late Miocene Change In the Dynamics Of The Andesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the central Bolivian Altiplano folded Pliocene strata in the Corque-Corococo basin imply the shallow crust experienced waning shortening between ∼10 and 3 Ma (Hoke & Lamb, 2007;Lamb, 2011) and has recently been undeforming (Elger et al, 2005;Lamb, 2011;Figure 13). The transition in stress state within parts of the high Andes of Peru and Argentina from dominantly compression to extension since the late Miocene, and the slowing Over the same time interval (∼5-16 Ma) paleoelevation proxies infer there has been 1-3 km of surface uplift in the high Andes of southern Peru and Bolivia (e.g., Barke & Lamb, 2006, Garzione et al, 2006Kar et al, 2016;Saylor & Horton, 2014). In addition, structural reconstructions and proxies for rock exhumation have recorded a distinct shift in the locus, rate, and style of deformation on the eastern edge of the Andes.…”

Section: Late Miocene Change In the Dynamics Of The Andesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extension and Dynamics of the Andes Inferred From the 2016 Parina (Huarichancara) Earthquake

et al. 2018

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The Mw 6.1 2016 Parina earthquake led to extension of the south Peruvian Andes along a normal fault with evidence of Holocene slip. We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar, seismology, and field mapping to determine a source model for this event and show that extension at Parina is oriented NE‐SW, which is parallel to the shortening direction in the adjacent sub‐Andean lowlands. In addition, we use earthquake source models and GPS data to demonstrate that shortening within the sub‐Andes is parallel to topographic gradients. Both observations imply that forces resulting from spatial variations in gravitational potential energy are important in controlling the geometry of the deformation in the Andes. We calculate the horizontal forces per unit length acting between the Andes and South America due to these potential energy contrasts to be 4–8 ×1012 N/m along strike of the mountain range. Normal faulting at Parina implies that the Andes in south Peru have reached the maximum elevation that can be supported by the forces transmitted across the adjacent foreland, which requires that the foreland faults have an effective coefficient of friction ≲0.2. Additionally, the onset of extension in parts of the central Andes following orogen‐wide compression in the late Miocene suggests that there has been a change in the force balance within the mountains. We propose that shortening on weak detachment faults within the Andean foreland since ∼5–9 Ma reduced the shear tractions acting along the base of the upper crust in the eastern Andes, leading to extension in the highest parts of the range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Late Miocene Change In the Dynamics Of The Andesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Late Miocene Change In the Dynamics Of The Andesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Late Miocene Change In the Dynamics Of The Andesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extension and Dynamics of the Andes Inferred From the 2016 Parina (Huarichancara) Earthquake

et al. 2018

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“…Az évszakos változáson kívül a növény zet nek (RINGHAM et al 2016) és a tengerszint feletti magas ságnak (PETERS et al 2013, BURGENER et al 2016) a talajkarbonátok ∆ 47 értékére gyakorolt hatását is vizsgálták. Geológiai időskálán történő alkalmazásra példa a dél-amerikai Altiplano (GHOSH et al 2006b, KAR et al 2016, az Andok (GARZIONE et al 2008) kiemelkedésének, vagy Nevada késő-kréta topográfiai fejlődésének (SNELL et al 2014) vizsgálata. METHNER et al (2016 paleotalajok geokémiai vizsgálatával elsőként tudta kimutatni a közép -ső-eocén hőmérsékleti optimumot szárazföldi rétegsorban.…”

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Kapcsolt izotópok (clumped isotopes) a földtudományi kutatásokban

Kele

Bajnai

2017

Földt. Közl.

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BevezetésA geokémiai vizsgálatok mára a geológia minden terü -letén -az őslénytantól a rétegtanon át, a paleoklíma kutatásig -megkerülhetetlenné váltak. Az izotóp-geokémia tör té nete a XX. század első felére nyúlik vissza. Az első tömegspektrométer megalkotása 1947-ben Alfred NIER nevé hez fűződik. Ebben az időben publikálta UREY (1947), valamint BIGELEISEN & MAYER (1947 O egy többszörösen helyettesített CO 2 izotopológ). Mivel az ilyen izotopológok rendkívül alacsony előfordulási aránya a mérésüket korábban lehetetlenné tette, a többszörösen helyettesített izotopológok egészen az 1980-as évek végéig érintetlen kutatási területnek számítottak. Az első, kifejezetten erre a témára irányuló kutatás az atmoszféra metán -jának izotópos összetételét vizsgálta (MROZ et al. 1989 O isotopes within one molecule. Using the clumped isotope thermometer, the temperature of the carbonate precipitating fluids can be determined with high precision, based solely on the clumped isotope value (∆ 47 ) of carbonates. Besides palaeoclimatology, the method can be used in several research fields in geology, including palaeoceanography, atmospheric research, reservoir geology, geomorphology, structural geology, diagenesis, biogeochemistry, low temperature metamorphic processes, and meteorite research. Due to continuous developments, the number of applications is still significantly increasing. This paper briefly introduces the reader to the principles of clumped isotope geochemistry, reviewing its theoretical basis, and possible applications, and also looks at available calibrations. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art.Keywords: stable isotopes, clumped isotopes, geochemistry, thermometry, climate reconstruction, methodology Összefoglalás A kapcsoltizotóp-geokémia (clumped isotope geochemistry), egy olyan új, dinamikusan fejlődő kutatási módszer, amely a 13 C és a 18 O izotópok egy molekulán belüli kapcsolódásának hőmérsékletfüggésén alapszik. Segítségével a karbonátok kiválási hőmérséklete nagy pontossággal meghatározható, kizárólag a karbonát fázis kapcsoltizotóp-értéke (∆ 47 ) alapján. A paleoklimatológiai alkalmazások mellett a módszer a geológiai kutatások számos területén (pl. paleooceanográfia, atmoszféra-kutatás, rezervoár-geológia, geomorfológia, tektonika, diagenezis, biogeokémia, alacsony hőmérsékletű metamorf folyamatok, meteorit-kutatás, stb.) alkalmazható, és a műszerfejlesztések révén az alkal mazá -sok köre folyamatosan bővül. A cikk röviden áttekinti a kapcsolt izotópos módszert, bemutatva annak alapjait, a rendelkezésre álló kalibrációkat, a lehetséges alkalmazási területeket és a témában eddig megjelent publikációkat.

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⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of calcium sulfate in ancient soils of hyperarid settings as a paleoaltitude proxy: Pliocene to Quaternary constraints for northern Chile (19.5–21.7°S)

Cosentino

Jordan

2017

Tectonics

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Several lines of geomorphic and geophysical reasoning suggest that the western fore arc of northern Chile has undergone kilometer‐scale surface uplift relative to sea level during the late Neogene. We have developed a new paleoaltimeter based on the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of ancient gypsic soils in the hyperarid Atacama Desert and used it to investigate the uplift history of the Andean fore‐arc coastal mountain range (Coastal Cordillera) and of the Andean fore‐arc nonmarine basin surface (Central Depression). Sampled sites span ~330 km strike‐parallel distance and elevations between 450 and 1850 m above sea level (asl). A minority of the sites place firm constraints on minimum or maximum vertical movements in an absolute framework. For the majority of locations, the data determine a maximum permissible magnitude of uplift. In all cases the magnitudes of paleo‐elevation changes are small compared to the elevation of the study area relative to sea level. We conclude that more than 45% of the ~1000 m asl average elevation of the Central Depression main axis and that more than 70% of the ~900 m asl average elevation of the westernmost Coastal Cordillera in the study area were achieved by preearly Pliocene regional‐scale tectonic processes. These results refute the hypothesis of kilometer‐scale surface uplift of the western nonmarine Andean fore arc during the late Neogene.

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Rapid regional surface uplift of the northern Altiplano plateau revealed by multiproxy paleoclimate reconstruction

Cited by 64 publications

References 56 publications

Extension and Dynamics of the Andes Inferred From the 2016 Parina (Huarichancara) Earthquake

Extension and Dynamics of the Andes Inferred From the 2016 Parina (Huarichancara) Earthquake

Kapcsolt izotópok (clumped isotopes) a földtudományi kutatásokban

⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of calcium sulfate in ancient soils of hyperarid settings as a paleoaltitude proxy: Pliocene to Quaternary constraints for northern Chile (19.5–21.7°S)

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Rapid regional surface uplift of the northern Altiplano plateau revealed by multiproxy paleoclimate reconstruction

Cited by 64 publications

References 56 publications

Extension and Dynamics of the Andes Inferred From the 2016 Parina (Huarichancara) Earthquake

Extension and Dynamics of the Andes Inferred From the 2016 Parina (Huarichancara) Earthquake

Kapcsolt izotópok (clumped isotopes) a földtudományi kutatásokban

87Sr/86Sr of calcium sulfate in ancient soils of hyperarid settings as a paleoaltitude proxy: Pliocene to Quaternary constraints for northern Chile (19.5–21.7°S)

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⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of calcium sulfate in ancient soils of hyperarid settings as a paleoaltitude proxy: Pliocene to Quaternary constraints for northern Chile (19.5–21.7°S)