Rapid removal of Chernobyl fallout from Mediterranean surface waters by biological activity

Fowler, Scott W.; Buat‐Ménard, P.; Yokoyama, Yuji; Ballestra, S.; Holm, E.; Nguyen, Huu Van

doi:10.1038/329056a0

Cited by 174 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Zooplankton activity and the incorporation of mineral particles into faecal pellets have also been proposed as a mechanism to explain such lithogenic events (e.g. Fowler et al 1987;BuatMenard et al 1989). Ternon et al also found another 'lithogenic event', in summer when the surface mixed layer is depleted in nutrients, where only 20 % of the POC exported could be explained by fixation of carbon induced by atmospheric fertilisation, the rest being assumed to be due to the incorporation of mineral particles acting as ballast in organic aggregates formed by the dissolved and colloidal organic matter present in the water column prior to the event.…”

Section: Particulate Matter and Carbon Exportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Springer Earth System Sciences

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This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on aerosols in the marine atmosphere and the effects of aerosols on climate and on processes in the oceanic surface layer. Aerosol particles in the marine atmosphere originate predominantly from direct production at the sea surface due to the interaction between wind and waves (sea spray aerosol, or SSA) and indirect production by gas to particle conversion. These aerosols are supplemented by aerosols produced over the continents, as well as aerosols emitted by volcanoes and ship traffic, a large part of it being deposited to the ocean surface by dry and wet deposition. The SSA sources, chemical composition and ensuing physical and optical effects, are discussed. An overview is presented of continental sources and their ageing and mixing processes during transport. The current status of our knowledge on effects of marine aerosols on the Earth radiative balance, both direct by their interaction with solar radiation and indirect through their effects on cloud properties, is discussed. The deposition on the ocean surface of some key species, such as nutrients, their bioavailability and how they impact biogeochemical cycles are shown and discussed through different time and space scales approaches.

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Section: Particulate Matter and Carbon Exportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Springer Earth System Sciences

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“…The latter appears in contrast with the now emerging viewpoint of rapid (reductive) mobilization of natural (stable) Ce under reducing conditions (this and aforementioned papers). The fate of REE radioisotopes arising from Chernobyl fallout in both oxygenated waters (FOWLER et al, 1987) as well as the anoxic Black Sea (BUESSELER et al, 1987;BUESSELER et al, 1990) has important implications for our study, and vice versa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved rare earth elements in the Black Sea

Schijf

Baar

Wijbrans³

et al. 1991

Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers

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Abstract-Concentrations of rare earths in the deep anoxic Black Sea are about one order of magnitude higher than in normal open ocean waters. From a minimum at the suboxic-anoxic interface at about 107 m depth, concentrations increase strongly to a maximum at about 3()()-4()() m depth. Concentrations of Ce range from 3 pM at 107 m to 205 pM at 300 m depth, partly as a result of its oxidation-reduction chemistry. The other, strictly trivalent, rare earths exhibit similar trends albeit not as dramatic as for Ce. Minima and maxima are dominating features throughout the rare earth elements (REE) series, yet with increasing atomic number the gradients become more subtle. No distinct trends are observed for the REE at the primary maximum of particulate Mn at Go = 15.65 (-75 m depth) in the intermediate suboxic zone. The dissolved REE minima at 107 m exist at ambient sulfide levels of about l,uM and coincide with a strong particle maximum. At the very same Go = 16.10 density horizon a distinct maximum of phototrophic bacteria (with concomitant levels of chlorophyll e) has been reported as well as the secondary particulate Mn maximum. From thermodynamic considerations the latter was not expected to occur within sulfidic waters. Apparently all REE are involved in the redox-cycling across the suboxic-anoxic interface, where the abundant bacterial particles most likely serve as carriers, possibly through Mn-oxide surface coatings. While Ce exhibits active oxidation-reduction chemistry, there is little or no evidence suggesting the reduction of dissolved Eu(lIl) to Eu(II).

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“…The other part will generate, after dying, large aggregated particles, known collectively as marine snow, which can reach the deep waters (Asper et al, 1992) and thus contribute to the contamination of sediment and benthic organisms, especially in the coastal area. This phenomenon was observed in the Mediterranean Sea a few days after the Chernobyl accident, generating a rapid transport of some radionuclides from surface waters to a depth of 200 m (Fowler et al, 1987). This process could be expected in the Japanese coastal area characterized by very high levels of contamination, especially around FNPP.…”

Section: Belharet Et Al: Ecosystem Model-based Approach For Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecosystem model-based approach for modeling the dynamics of <sup>137</sup>Cs transfer to marine plankton populations: application to the western North Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident

2016

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Abstract. Huge amounts of radionuclides, especially 137 Cs, were released into the western North Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima nuclear power plant (FNPP) accident that occurred on 11 March 2011, resulting in contamination of the marine biota. In this study we developed a radioecological model to estimate 137 Cs concentrations in phytoplankton and zooplankton populations representing the lower levels of the pelagic trophic chain. We coupled this model to a lower trophic level ecosystem model and an ocean circulation model to take into account the site-specific environmental conditions in the area. The different radioecological parameters of the model were estimated by calibration, and a sensitivity analysis to parameter uncertainties was carried out, showing a high sensitivity of the model results, especially to the 137 Cs concentration in seawater, to the rates of accumulation from water and to the radionuclide assimilation efficiency for zooplankton. The results of the 137 Cs concentrations in planktonic populations simulated in this study were then validated through comparison with the data available in the region after the accident. The model results have shown that the maximum concentrations in plankton after the accident were about 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than those observed before the accident, depending on the distance from FNPP. Finally, the maximum 137 Cs absorbed dose rate for phyto-and zooplankton populations was estimated to be about 5 × 10 −2 µGy h −1 , and was, therefore, lower than the predicted no-effect dose rate (PNEDR) value of 10 µGy h −1 defined in the ERICA assessment approach.

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Rapid removal of Chernobyl fallout from Mediterranean surface waters by biological activity

Cited by 174 publications

References 21 publications

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Dissolved rare earth elements in the Black Sea

Ecosystem model-based approach for modeling the dynamics of <sup>137</sup>Cs transfer to marine plankton populations: application to the western North Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident

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Rapid removal of Chernobyl fallout from Mediterranean surface waters by biological activity

Cited by 174 publications

References 21 publications

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Dissolved rare earth elements in the Black Sea

Ecosystem model-based approach for modeling the dynamics of &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs transfer to marine plankton populations: application to the western North Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident

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Ecosystem model-based approach for modeling the dynamics of <sup>137</sup>Cs transfer to marine plankton populations: application to the western North Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident