Rapid response to artificial selection on flower size in Phlox

Lendvai, G.; Levin, Donald A.

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800249

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This 'selfing syndrome' has been observed frequently in populations with increased selfing rates (Goodwillie et al, 2010), and can evidently evolve rapidly (Bodbyl Roels andKelly, 2011). Bodbyl Roels andKelly (2011) prevented pollinators from accessing flowers in experimental populations of the SC plant Mimulus guttatus and observed reduced anther-stigma separation in only five generations, and several studies have shown similarly rapid changes in floral size in response to artificial selection (Worley and Barrett, 2000;Lendvai and Levin, 2003;Delph et al, 2004). Given the rapidity of such responses, we should perhaps not be surprised that a selfing syndrome was able to evolve following the loss of SI in the selfing species Capsella rubella over several thousand generations (Foxe et al, 2009;Slotte et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of mixed mating after the loss of self-incompatibility in a long-lived perennial herb

Voillemot

Pannell

2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Many hermaphroditic plants avoid self-fertilization by means of a molecular selfincompatibility (SI) system, a complex trait that is difficult to evolve but relatively easy to lose. Loss of SI is a prerequisite for an evolutionary transition from obligate outcrossing to self-fertilization, which may bring about rapid changes in the genetic diversity and structure of populations. Loss of SI is also often followed by the evolution of a 'selfing syndrome', with plants having small flowers, little nectar and few pollen grains per ovule. Here, we document the loss of SI in the long-lived Spanish toadflax Linaria cavanillesii, which has led to mixed mating rather than a transition to a high rate of selfing and in which an outcrossing syndrome has been maintained.Methods We performed crosses within and among six populations of L. cavanillesii in the glasshouse, measured floral traits in a common-garden experiment, performed a pollen-limitation experiment in the field and conducted population genetic analyses using microsatellites markers.Key Results Controlled crosses revealed variation in SI from fully SI through intermediate SI to fully selfcompatible (SC). Flowers of SC individuals showed no evidence of a selfing syndrome. Although the SC population of L. cavanillesii had lower within-population genetic diversity than SI populations, as expected, population differentiation among all populations was extreme and represents an F ST outlier in the distribution for both selfing and outcrossing species of flowering plants.Conclusions Together, our results suggest that the transition to SC in L. cavanillesii has probably been very recent, and may have been aided by selection during or following a colonization bottleneck rather than in the absence of pollinators. We find little indication that the transition to SC has been driven by selection for reproductive assurance under conditions currently prevailing in natural populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of mixed mating after the loss of self-incompatibility in a long-lived perennial herb

Voillemot

Pannell

2016

Ann Bot

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“…Despite apparently overwhelming directional selection for larger flowers, populations retain high genetic variation in flower size. Artificial selection can greatly increase mean flower size (Worley & Barrett 2000;Lendvai & Levin 2003;Delph et al 2004;Lehtila & Brann 2007;Kelly 2008), indicating that natural populations are not at maximum values for this trait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability selection prior to trait expression is an essential component of natural selection

2010

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Natural selection operates throughout the life cycle of an organism. Correlative studies typically fail to consider the effects of viability selection prior to trait expression. A 3-year field experiment on the wildflower Mimulus guttatus demonstrates that this unmeasured component of selection can be very strong. As in previous studies, we find that fecundity is positively related to flower size. However, survival to flowering is much lower in large-flowered genotypes than in small-flowered genotypes. Aggregating viability and fecundity, lifetime fitness through female function generally favoured smaller flowered genotypes. This result differs from the great majority of field studies, which suggest strong positive selection on flower size. It has important cautionary implications for studies of natural and sexual selection on adult characters generally, in both plants and animals.

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“…This greatly depends upon the scale of observation: small genotypic changes can accumulate quite rapidly, allowing for the development of disease resistant microbes (Holden et al 2004) and artificial selection of domestic species has shown that dramatic phenotypic changes can accumulate within the space of a few generations (Lendvai and Levin 2003). Neither of these, however, may be directly comparable to the natural selection pressures affecting ecologically significant traits of colonizing species, which are concomitantly interacting with other evolving species.…”

Section: Group B: Changementioning

confidence: 98%

Carlquist revisited: history, success, and applicability of a natural history model

Midway

Hodge

2011

Biol Philos

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In 1966, island biogeographer Sherwin Carlquist published a list of 24 principles governing long-distance dispersal and evolution on islands. The 24 principles describe many aspects of island biology, from long-distance dispersal and establishment to community change and assemblage. Although this was an active period for island biogeography, other models and research garnered much more attention than did Carlquist's. In this review, over 40 years of support for or against Carlquist's principles is presented. Recent work has supported most of the 24 principles, and improved methodologies have generally substantiated his initial claims. However, Carlquist's original work and ideas remain relatively underrepresented in the biogeographic literature. Use of philosophical model domains provides one explanation as to why Carlquist's work has received little attention. Carlquist's principles are largely natural history tests, and don't translate well into the theoretical, design of preserves, or the experimental domains-whereas other competing models do well in such domains.

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Rapid response to artificial selection on flower size in Phlox

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

Maintenance of mixed mating after the loss of self-incompatibility in a long-lived perennial herb

Maintenance of mixed mating after the loss of self-incompatibility in a long-lived perennial herb

Viability selection prior to trait expression is an essential component of natural selection

Carlquist revisited: history, success, and applicability of a natural history model

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