Rapid screening and determination of 11 new psychoactive substances by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Li, Xianjiang; Hua, Zhendong; Pan, Wenqin; Bai, Yanping; Fu, Xiaofang

doi:10.1002/rcm.7629

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…DART-MS can provide an informative, sensitive, quick analytical screening technique compared to current techniques, which could permit rapid screening of unknown drugs that are commonly received in forensic laboratories [ 78 ]. DART has been used to detect various drugs of abuse, such as cathinone drug mixtures [ 79 ], heroin, LSD and other new psychoactive substances (NPSs) [ 80 ].…”

Section: Sample Collection Storage and Pre-treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadside Drug Testing Approaches

2021

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The purpose of this review is to present an overview of roadside drug testing, driving enforcement, and drunk/drug driving detection around the world. Drunk and drug driving is a severe problem, not only in the UAE, but also around the world. This has important implications for road safety as drunk or drug driving may increase the chances of a driver’s involvement in a road crash when compared to a drug-free driver. Recently, due to increases in drug-impaired drivers’ crash involvement, many mobile roadside drug testing devices have been introduced to the market. These devices use oral fluid, urine or blood matrices. These are on-the-spot tests, which are easy to use and are applied by law enforcement agencies and the public. Law enforcement agencies most commonly use oral fluid to detect the presence of illicit drugs in drivers. This review discusses all the available devices in the market used by the authorities. It also describes the type of drugs widely abused by drivers along with behavioral testing methods. The different types of matrices used for roadside drug testing are also evaluated. Sample collection, storage, and pre-treatment methods are discussed, followed by the confirmatory analysis of positive samples. This article will significantly help law enforcement agencies compare and evaluate all the reliable roadside testing devices and new emerging confirmatory devices available to them in the market. This will help them make an informed decision on which device to adapt to their individual needs.

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Section: Sample Collection Storage and Pre-treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadside Drug Testing Approaches

2021

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“…For that, GC–MS can be found in different drug checking services, such as those included in the Trans‐European Drug Information project (TEDI) 44 . Moreover, the recently developed direct MS techniques coupled to single MS or MS/MS would also be much useful for these services, as they provide fast identification of major compounds present in samples 20,21,25 …”

Section: Facing the Unknown: Identification And Characterisation Of Novel Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although almost all the toxicological analyses use chromatographic separations coupled to MS, the recent use of ambient ionisation sources, which allow the direct analysis of NPS in different matrices, has proved to be an interesting approach. Thus, analytical strategies based on direct analysis in real time (DART), 20–22 desorption electrospray (DESI), 23 atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP) 24,25 or other techniques recently developed such as swab‐touch spray 26 can be found in the literature. These techniques are specially indicated for the analysis of seized drugs as they are relatively pure in comparison with biological specimens; hence, the reduced need of a chromatographic separation 25,27 …”

Section: A Brief Introduction On Ms In Nps Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The key role of mass spectrometry in comprehensive research on new psychoactive substances

Fabregat‐Safont¹,

Sancho²,

Hernández³

et al. 2020

J Mass Spectrom

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New psychoactive substances (NPS) are a wide group of compounds that try to mimic the effects produced by the ‘classical’ illicit drugs, including cannabis (synthetic cannabinoids), cocaine and amphetamines (synthetic cathinones) or heroin (synthetic opioids), and which health effects are still unknown for most of them. Nowadays, more than 700 compounds are being monitored by official organisms, some of which have been recently identified in seizures and/or intoxication cases. Toxicological analysis plays a pivotal role in NPS research. A comprehensive investigation on NPS, from the first identification of a novel substance until its detection in drug users to help in diagnostics and medical treatment, requires the use of a wide variety of instruments and analytical strategies. This paper illustrates the key role of mass spectrometry (MS) along a comprehensive investigation on NPS. The synthetic cannabinoid XLR‐11 and the synthetic cathinone 5‐PPDi have been chosen as representative substances of the most consumed NPS families. Moreover, both compounds have been investigated at our laboratory in different stages of the three‐step strategy considered in this article. The initial identification and characterisation of the compound in consumption products, the first reported metabolic pathway and the development of analytical methodologies for its determination (and/or their metabolites) in different toxicological samples are described. The analytical strategies and MS instruments are briefly discussed to show the reader the possibilities that MS instrumentation offer to analytical scientists. This publication aims to be a starting point for those interested on the NPS research field from an analytical chemistry point of view.

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“…This approach has been successfully applied for multi‐analyte screening using both LC combined with tandem MS (LC–MS/MS) or high resolution MS (LC–HRMS). Especially the potential of LC–HRMS for drug testing and clinical toxicology has recently been pointed out, and this was an expected development. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of LC–HRMS in full scan‐XIC mode for multi‐analyte urine drug testing – a step towards a ‘black‐box’ solution?

et al. 2017

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The influx of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has created a need for improved methods for drug testing in toxicology laboratories. The aim of this work was to design, validate and apply a multi-analyte liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for screening of 148 target analytes belonging to the NPS class, plant alkaloids and new psychoactive therapeutic drugs. The analytical method used a fivefold dilution of urine with nine deuterated internal standards and injection of 2 μl. The LC system involved a 2.0 μm 100 × 2.0 mm YMC-UltraHT Hydrosphere-C column and gradient elution with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min and a total analysis time of 6.0 min. Solvent A consisted of 10 mmol/l ammonium formate and 0.005% formic acid, pH 4.8, and Solvent B was methanol with 10 mmol/l ammonium formate and 0.005% formic acid. The HRMS (Q Exactive, Thermo Scientific) used a heated electrospray interface and was operated in positive mode with 70 000 resolution. The scan range was 100-650 Da, and data for extracted ion chromatograms used ± 10 ppm tolerance. Product ion monitoring was applied for confirmation analysis and for some selected analytes also for screening. Method validation demonstrated limited influence from urine matrix, linear response within the measuring range (typically 0.1-1.0 μg/ml) and acceptable imprecision in quantification (CV <15%). A few analytes were found to be unstable in urine upon storage. The method was successfully applied for routine drug testing of 17 936 unknown samples, of which 2715 (15%) contained 52 of the 148 analytes. It is concluded that the method design based on simple dilution of urine and using LC-HRMS in extracted ion chromatogram mode may offer an analytical system for urine drug testing that fulfils the requirement of a 'black box' solution and can replace immunochemical screening applied on autoanalyzers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Rapid screening and determination of 11 new psychoactive substances by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Roadside Drug Testing Approaches

Roadside Drug Testing Approaches

The key role of mass spectrometry in comprehensive research on new psychoactive substances

Use of LC–HRMS in full scan‐XIC mode for multi‐analyte urine drug testing – a step towards a ‘black‐box’ solution?

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