Rapid Spread of a Recently Introduced Virus (Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus) and Its Vector <I>Bemisia tabaci</I> (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Liaoning Province, China

Abstract

In Liaoning Province, China, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was first detected in 2009 and in only four counties. To quantify the spread of TYLCV and to identify potential factors influencing its spread in Liaoning Province, we assayed for TYLCV within 1,055 whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) complex) from 74 populations and 29 counties in 2011. The B. tabaci species of these individuals was determined based on molecular markers. TYLCV was found in 13 counties (Donggang, Liaoyang, Kazuo, Lingyuan, Heishan, Liaozhong, Kaiyuan, Taian, Dawa, Dashiqiao, Beizhen, Linghai, and Xingcheng) and was most frequently detected in the central plain. In addition, the percentage of whiteflies with TYLCV was significantly higher in B. tabaci Q than in B. tabaci B but was unrelated to the hosts (pepper, eggplant, tomato, cucumber, and kidney bean) on which the whiteflies had been collected. These results demonstrate that TYLCV has spread rapidly in Liaoning Province since its first detection and suggest that its spread is more closely associated with the introduction of B. tabaci Q than with the species of host plant. These findings also indicate that controls are now needed to reduce the further spread of TYLCV and that these controls should include the management of B. tabaci Q populations.

Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals Genome Size Reduction and the Emergence of Tyrosine Phosphorylation Site in the Movement Protein of New World Bipartite Begomoviruses

“…Begomoviruses are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci [1], [2] and their damaging infections pose a severe threat to commercial and subsistence production of key crops worldwide, including tomato, squash, cassava and bean [3]. Understanding the molecular biology and adaptation of begomoviruses to novel hosts has an important socioeconomic impact as they are emerging problems in developing countries [3].…”

Phylogenomic and population genetics analyses of extant tomato yellow leaf curl virus strains on a global scale

“…The species TYLCV as a tomato pathogen has been studied at the phylogenetic, population genetics, and biological levels, to elucidate virus origins and diversification patterns and to facilitate resistance breeding efforts (14,22,(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63). Interestingly, TYLCV accumulates mutations nearly as rapidly as single-stranded RNA viruses, at a rate of 2.88 × 10 −4 substitutions/site/year (9).…”

Identification of mungbean lines with tolerance or resistance to yellow mosaic in fields in India where different begomovirus species and different Bemisia tabaci cryptic species predominate

“…For example, the invasive nature of the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) species has been associated with their greater fecundity and relative polyphagy, and propensity for developing resistance to many of the insecticides used for their control (Horowitz et al 2007). An invasion of these species often goes along with severe virus outbreaks (Pan et al 2012;Zhang et al 2014;Guo et al 2015;Ning et al 2015) as both transmit begomoviruses very efficiently.…”