Rapid Synthesis of Auxin via a New Tryptophan-Dependent Pathway Is Required for Shade Avoidance in Plants

Tao, Yi; Ferrer, Jean‐Luc; Ljung, Karin; Pojer, F.; Hong, Fangxin; Long, J. Bradford De; Li, Lin; Moreno, José; Bowman, M.E.; Ivans, Lauren J.; Cheng, Youfa; Lim, Jason; Zhao, Yunde; Ballaré, Carlos L.; Sandberg, Göran; Noel, Joseph P.; Chory, Joanne

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.049

Cited by 955 publications

(1,339 citation statements)

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“…The ability of auxin to regulate its own transport provides a dynamic regulatory mechanism that can balance increases in auxin by increases in transport capacity. Such a mechanism is highly useful when, for instance, environmental signals promote growth by enhancing auxin synthesis (35,36). Under natural conditions, the transition to endodormancy is initiated after growth cessation occurs, as winter approaches.…”

Section: Sd0 Sd28 Sd42 Sd56 Sd0 Sd28 Sd42 Sd56mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity–dormancy transition in the cambial meristem involves stage-specific modulation of auxin response in hybrid aspen

Baba

Karlberg²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The molecular basis of short-day-induced growth cessation and dormancy in the meristems of perennial plants (e.g., forest trees growing in temperate and high-latitude regions) is poorly understood. Using global transcript profiling, we show distinct stagespecific alterations in auxin responsiveness of the transcriptome in the stem tissues during short-day-induced growth cessation and both the transition to and establishment of dormancy in the cambial meristem of hybrid aspen trees. This stage-specific modulation of auxin signaling appears to be controlled via distinct mechanisms. Whereas the induction of growth cessation in the cambium could involve induction of repressor auxin response factors (ARFs) and down-regulation of activator ARFs, dormancy is associated with perturbation of the activity of the SKP-Cullin-F-box TIR (SCF TIR ) complex, leading to potential stabilization of repressor auxin (AUX)/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) proteins. Although the role of hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA), in growth cessation and dormancy is well established, our data now implicate auxin in this process. Importantly, in contrast to most developmental processes in which regulation by auxin involves changes in cellular auxin contents, day-length-regulated induction of cambial growth cessation and dormancy involves changes in auxin responses rather than auxin content.short days | meristem identity P erennial plants growing in temperate and high-latitude regions anticipate the approach of winter by sensing the associated reduction in day length (1), and when the day length becomes shorter than the critical length permitting growth [short-day signal (SD)], cell division terminates in the meristems (1). Immediately following cessation of cell division, exposure of plants to permissive conditions (e.g., long days) leads to the reversal of growth arrest (2), and this stage of growth arrest is referred to as ecodormancy. Continued exposure of ecodormant plants to short days brings about the transition from ecodormancy to endodormancy (2). The endodormant state is characterized by the inability of the meristems to respond to growth-promotive signals in contrast to the ecodormant state. Exposure to chilling temperatures is required to restore the ability of endodormant meristems to respond to growth-promotive signals and to reinitiate growth subsequently (3).Recently, the photoreceptor PHYA (4) and homologs of the flowering time genes CONSTANS and FT (5, 6) have been shown to be early-acting components in SD-induced growth cessation in trees. The targets and signaling intermediates of the SD pathway downstream of these early-acting components in growth cessation and dormancy remain largely unexplored (7). Although ecodormant and endodormant states can be distinguished physiologically, the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of endodormancy and the inability of endodormant meristems to respond to growth-promotive signals have remained elusive.We investigated whether the SD-regulated induction o...

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Section: Sd0 Sd28 Sd42 Sd56 Sd0 Sd28 Sd42 Sd56mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity–dormancy transition in the cambial meristem involves stage-specific modulation of auxin response in hybrid aspen

Baba

Karlberg²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Biosynthetic enzymes in two of these routes have nonredundant roles in embryogenesis. TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA1) and its closest homologs TRYPTO-PHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED (TAR)1 and 2 function in one of these two Trp-dependent indole 3-acetic-acid (IAA) biosynthesis routes (Stepanova et al 2008;Tao et al 2008). The other branch of the Trpdependent IAA biosynthesis pathway is represented by the YUCCA (YUC) family of flavin monooxygenases.…”

Section: Role Of Auxin Biosynthesis In Embryo Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Auxin is synthesized from indole via tryptophan (Trp), or independent of tryptophan (Tao et al 2008). Of the two, the Trp-dependent route is best understood, and bifurcates into at least three routes (Fig.…”

Section: Role Of Auxin Biosynthesis In Embryo Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin Control of Embryo Patterning

Möller¹,

Weijers²

2009

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

248

208

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“…The plant hormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) plays a major role in morphogenesis and mediates some of the growth responses to light, including hypocotyl elongation, apical hook maintenance, phototropic responses and the shade avoidance syndrome (Boerjan et al, 1995;Zhao et al, 2001;Stepanova et al, 2008;Esmon et al, 2006;Tao et al, 2008). Auxin action depends on a tightly regulated distribution across the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COP1 mediates the coordination of root and shoot growth by light through modulation of PIN1- and PIN2-dependent auxin transport in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYWhen a plant germinates in the soil, elongation of stem-like organs is enhanced whereas leaf and root growth is inhibited. How these differential growth responses are orchestrated by light and integrated at the organismal level to shape the plant remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that light signals through the master photomorphogenesis repressor COP1 to coordinate root and shoot growth in Arabidopsis. In the shoot, COP1 regulates shoot-to-root auxin transport by controlling the transcription of the auxin efflux carrier gene PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1), thus appropriately tuning shoot-derived auxin levels in the root. This in turn directly influences root elongation and adapts auxin transport and cell proliferation in the root apical meristem by modulating PIN1 and PIN2 intracellular distribution in the root in a COP1-dependent fashion, thus permitting a rapid and precise tuning of root growth to the light environment. Our data identify auxin as a long-distance signal in developmental adaptation to light and illustrate how spatially separated control mechanisms can converge on the same signaling system to coordinate development at the whole plant level.

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Rapid Synthesis of Auxin via a New Tryptophan-Dependent Pathway Is Required for Shade Avoidance in Plants

Cited by 955 publications

References 54 publications

Activity–dormancy transition in the cambial meristem involves stage-specific modulation of auxin response in hybrid aspen

Activity–dormancy transition in the cambial meristem involves stage-specific modulation of auxin response in hybrid aspen

Auxin Control of Embryo Patterning

COP1 mediates the coordination of root and shoot growth by light through modulation of PIN1- and PIN2-dependent auxin transport in Arabidopsis

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