Rapid synthesis of sodium-rich Prussian white for Sodium-ion battery via a bottom-up approach

Xi, Yuming; Lü, Yangcheng

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.126688

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Stage I was located between 2 and 3.2 V, corresponding to the redox couple of the high-spin Fe 2+/3+ coordinated with N. Stage II showed a slope charge curve between 3.4 and 3.8 V, which could be inferred as a solid-solution mechanism during the extraction/insertion of Na ion, that is, Fe and Mn shared the same M position where Fe atoms partially replace the nitrogen-coordinated Mn atoms in the framework. , Stage III was at 4.0–4.2 V, assigned to the redox couple of low-spin Fe 2+/3+ coordinated with C. Stages I and III could be both attributed to the formation of FeHCF, which contributed half of the total capacity. Noteworthy, the structure after ion exchange exhibited a high capacity of 150 mAh/g at 1 C, almost the same with the MnHCF. , In summary, we inferred that the Fe concentrated on the edge probably existed as the FeHCF, while the homogeneous distribution of Fe and Mn may be the solid solution Na x (MnFe)[Fe(CN) 6 ] y .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Noteworthy, the structure after ion exchange exhibited a high capacity of 150 mAh/g at 1 C, almost the same with the MnHCF. 19 , 22 In summary, we inferred that the Fe concentrated on the edge probably existed as the FeHCF, while the homogeneous distribution of Fe and Mn may be the solid solution Na x (MnFe)[Fe(CN) 6 ] y .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Ion-Exchange Process. For the ion-exchange process, the MnHCF slurry was chosen as a template that was prepared via a previous bottom-up approach, 19 which contained 1.3 M NaCl that could ensure a sufficient sodium content in the lattice. The pH of the slurry was 6.40.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case study, Prussian white (Na x MnFe(CN) 6 , a promising cathode in SIB with high capacity but poor stability) was chosen as a template requiring structure reconstruction essentially; − Fe was chosen as an ion-exchange element since it is electrochemical active and could be a good indicator to reflect the structural composite through charge–discharge curves. We found that the final product of ion-exchange generally tended to form a core–shell structure, where the shell and the core were enriched with Na x FeFe(CN) 6 (FeHCF) and Na x (FeMn)Fe(CN) 6 , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

How Does Ion Exchange Construct Binary Hexacyanoferrate? A Case Study

2022

ACS Omega

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In this work, using electrochemical active Fe as an ion-exchange element (attack side) and the Na x MnFe(CN) 6 slurry with a high solid content (MnHCF) as a template (defensive side), a series of binary hexacyanoferrates are prepared via a simple Mn/Fe ion-exchange process, in which Na x FeFe(CN) 6 (FeHCF) and solid solution Na x (FeMn)Fe(CN) 6 are concentrated on the shell and the core, respectively. The proportions of the two structures are mainly controlled by the competition between the ion-exchange rate in the bulk material and dissolution-reprecipitation rate. Slowing down the attacking rate, such as the use of a chelating agent complexed with the attacker Fe, is advantageous to form a thermodynamically metastable state with homogeneous distribution of elements since the diffusion of Fe 2+ in the solid MnHCF is relatively fast. The shell FeHCF could be adjusted by the dissolution-reprecipitation rate, which is driven by the solubility difference. Adding the chelating agent in the defensive side will promote the dissolution of MnHCF and reprecipitation of FeHCF on the surface. Meanwhile, with the increase of Fe sources, the thickness of the shell FeHCF increases, and correspondingly the content of solid solution decreased due to FeHCF is more stable than solid solutions in thermodynamics. Finally, such a design principle in this case study could also be generalized to other ion-exchange processes. Considering the difference of two components in solubility, the larger difference can make the core/shell structure more clear due to the enhancement of dissolution–reprecipitation route.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How Does Ion Exchange Construct Binary Hexacyanoferrate? A Case Study

2022

ACS Omega

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“…Nevertheless, these processes were commonly quite slow and inefficient for the crystal architecture. Recently, our group proposed a bottom-up synthesis route of Na x Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] y (MnHCF, 0 < x < 2, 0 < y < 1) via seed-mediated growth starting from small building blocks with narrow size distribution as seeds, which enabled a rapid and productive synthesis of defect-free MnHCF . Unfortunately, the crystallization mechanism behind the bottom-up approach, especially the dynamic evolution process, remains still unclear, which is fundamental to manipulate the crystallization of Prussian white for tailoring the morphology and lattice architecture as we expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation on a Nonclassical Crystallization Route of Prussian White Nanocrystal Preparation

2021

Crystal Growth & Design

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In this work, we focused on the interpretation on a nonclassical crystallization route of Na x Mn[Fe(CN)6] y ·nH2O (0 < x < 2, 0 < y < 1, MnHCF) nanocrystal preparation via a bottom-up approach. Combining explosive homogeneous nucleation in the microreactor and subsequent crystal growth in the microtube, we carefully studied the dynamic behaviors of MnHCF crystallization under a high time resolution and found that in the early growth stage, it went through a rapid transition of morphology and crystal structure with the enrichment of the sodium content and the decrease of Fe(CN)6 defect and lattice water. Meanwhile, reducing the primary particle size, increasing the particle concentration, or adjusting the sodium ion concentration could accelerate the transition process, and the sodium ion also played an important role in the anisotropic aggregation-mediated growth. Based on these cognitions, we proposed the growth mechanism of the nonclassical crystallization process from the interplay of free-energy landscapes and particle reaction dynamics. In addition, the crystal architecture laws of MnHCF via a bottom-up approach were summarized to afford rapid and flexible regulation on morphologies and crystal composites.

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Long‐Cycle‐Life Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries toward Large‐Scale Energy Storage Systems

Zhang

Gao

Liu

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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The development of large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) aimed at application in renewable electricity sources and in smart grids is expected to address energy shortage and environmental issues. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) exhibit remarkable potential for large-scale ESSs because of the high richness and accessibility of sodium reserves. Using low-cost and abundant elements in cathodes with long cycling stability is preferable for lowering expenses on cathodes. Many investigated cathodes for SIBs are dogged by structural and morphology changes, unstable interphases between the cathode and the electrolyte, and air sensitivity, causing unsatisfactory cycling performance. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of capacity degeneration in depth and developing precise solutions are critical for designing low-cost cathodes that are highly stable under cycling. Herein, recent progress in long-cycle-life and low-cost cathodes for SIBs is focused on, and a comprehensive discussion of the key points in SIBs toward large-scale applications is provided. The roots of the unstable cycling performance of low-cost cathodes are discussed. Also, effective strategies are summarized from the recent progress on long-cycle-life and low-cost cathodes. This review is expected to encourage deeper investigation of long-lifespan cathodes for SIBs, particularly for potential large-scale industrialization.

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Rapid synthesis of sodium-rich Prussian white for Sodium-ion battery via a bottom-up approach

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

How Does Ion Exchange Construct Binary Hexacyanoferrate? A Case Study

How Does Ion Exchange Construct Binary Hexacyanoferrate? A Case Study

Interpretation on a Nonclassical Crystallization Route of Prussian White Nanocrystal Preparation

Long‐Cycle‐Life Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries toward Large‐Scale Energy Storage Systems

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