Rapid task-related plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in primary auditory cortex

Fritz, Jonathan B.; Shamma, Shihab A.; Elhilali, Mounya; Klein, David J.

doi:10.1038/nn1141

Cited by 767 publications

(938 citation statements)

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“…(e.g., Lee and Winer, 2008a, b). Studies of field A1 in behaving animals demonstrate task-dependent modulation of responses to sound location (Lee and Middlebrooks, 2011 and the present results), frequency (Fritz et al, 2003;, and frequency sequences (Scheich et al, 2007). Restricted inactivation of A1 that spared DZ produced a reduction in accuracy of localization of contralateral targets to around 45 % correct, compared to control levels of 990 % and reductions to around chance levels of 16.7 % when both A1 and DZ were inactivated simultaneously.…”

Section: Cortical Representation Of Sound Locationsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Specialization for Sound Localization in Fields A1, DZ, and PAF of Cat Auditory Cortex

Lee

Middlebrooks

2012

JARO

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Cortical deactivation studies in cats have implicated the primary auditory cortex (A1), the dorsal zone (DZ), and the posterior auditory field (PAF) in sound localization behavior, and physiological studies in anesthetized conditions have demonstrated clear differences in spatial sensitivity among those areas. We trained cats to perform two listening tasks and then we recorded from cortical neurons in off-task and in both on-task conditions during single recording sessions. The results confirmed some of the results from anesthetized conditions and revealed unexpected differences. Neurons in each field showed a variety of firing patterns, including onset-only, complex onset and long latency, and suppression or offset. A substantial minority of units showed sharpening of spatial sensitivity, particularly that of onset responses, during task performance: 44 %, 35 %, and 31 % of units in areas A1, DZ, and PAF, respectively, showed significant spatial sharpening. Field DZ was distinguished by a larger percentage of neurons responding best to near-midline locations, whereas the spatial preferences of PAF neurons were distributed more uniformly throughout the contralateral hemifield. Those directional biases also were evident in measures of the accuracy with which neural spike patterns could signal sound locations. Field DZ provided the greatest accuracy for midline locations. The location dependence of accuracy in PAF was orthogonal to that of DZ, with the greatest accuracy for lateral locations. The results suggest a view of spatial representation in the auditory cortex in which DZ exhibits an overrepresentation of the frontal areas around the midline, whereas PAF provides a more uniform representation of contralateral space, including areas behind the head. Spatial preferences of area A1 neurons were intermediate between those of DZ and PAF, sharpening as needed for localization tasks.

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Section: Cortical Representation Of Sound Locationsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…One good example is the study by Fritz et al (2003) in the ferret. In those experiments, the frequency tuning of neurons in response to probe sounds tended to shift in on-task conditions to favor responses to the frequency of a target tone.…”

Section: Spatial Sensitivity Varies With Anesthetic and Task Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialization for Sound Localization in Fields A1, DZ, and PAF of Cat Auditory Cortex

Lee

Middlebrooks

2012

JARO

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“…Beyond the associative processes reviewed here, current research is increasingly uncovering other cognitive functions of A1. These include slowly developing facilitated discrimination of various stimulus features by perceptual learning 123,124 , learning of complex tasks 125 , rapid 'on-line' adjustments to maximize attentive capture of stimulus elements 126 , the processing of abstract features such as acoustic objects 127 and categories 128 , and even the encoding of acoustically dependent, planned behavioural acts 129,130 . It will be important to integrate the diversity of emerging cognitive functions with core sensory functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific long-term memory traces in primary auditory cortex

2004

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Learning and memory involve the storage of specific sensory experiences. However, until recently the idea that the primary sensory cortices could store specific memory traces had received little attention. Converging evidence obtained using techniques from sensory physiology and the neurobiology of learning and memory supports the idea that the primary auditory cortex acquires and retains specific memory traces about the behavioural significance of selected sounds. The cholinergic system of the nucleus basalis, when properly engaged, is sufficient to induce both specific memory traces and specific behavioural memory. A contemporary view of the primary auditory cortex should incorporate its mnemonic and other cognitive functions.Identifying the neural substrates of learning and memory is a core problem in neuroscience. As memories involve the representation of past sensory events, they may be stored, in part, within sensory systems. Sensory systems have traditionally been viewed as 'stimulus analysers', with learning and memory assigned to 'higher' cortical regions. Nonetheless, neurophysiological studies have produced evidence for learning-induced plasticity in sensory cortices, and in particular the auditory cortex. Galambos and colleagues first implicated the primary auditory cortex (A1) in learning in 1956, observing that pairing an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) with a weak shock (a mildly aversive unconditioned stimulus (US)) produced a significant increase in the amplitude of CS-elicited evoked field potentials in A1 of the cat 1 . Subsequently, these findings were extended to other tasks (such as discrimination), types of learning (including instrumental conditioning), motivations (for example, food) and types of recording (such as single and multiple unit discharges) 2 .Although such results established associative plasticity in A1, neither they nor similar findings in other sensory cortices addressed the key issue of specificity of information storage. As memories have specific content, how could changes in the magnitude of sensory cortical responses adequately reflect the encoding of specific aspects of experiences? A solution was provided by the field of sensory neurophysiology, which focuses on stimulus specificity. Sensory physiology experiments use a wide range of stimulus values to NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript determine how specific sensory stimuli are processed and coded. In fact, the basic paradigms of sensory physiology and learning are complementary (Box 1).This article presents an overview of research that combines experimental designs from sensory physiology with those of learning and memory to search for specific memory traces in A1. A sign of a specific memory trace would be learning-induced physiological plasticity that has the key characteristics of behavioural memory and sufficient specificity to encode a canonical attribute of experience, such as a physical feature and its behavioural importance. Previous reviews have covered ot...

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“…We ensured that both stimulation electrodes were in co-tuned areas by making extracellular recordings of receptive fields through the electrodes. 6 We initially recorded electrically-evoked synaptic currents by intracortical and thalamic stimulation for 5-10 minutes in absence of sensory stimulation. Then, electrical stimulation was stopped, and NB stimulation was paired with the BF at the sites of thalamic and intracortical stimulation for 2-5 minutes.…”

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confidence: 99%

A synaptic memory trace for cortical receptive field plasticity

Froemke

Merzenich

Schreiner

2007

Nature

576

580

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A synaptic memory trace for cortical receptive field plasticity. Neuromodulation is required for cortical plasticity, but it is uncertain how subcortical neuromodulatory systems, such as the cholinergic nucleus basalis ( A major subcortical nucleus critical for receptive field plasticity is NB, the main source of cortical acetylcholine (ACh) 4,9,[14][15][16][17][19][20][21] . How are neuromodulators such as ACh involved in plasticity, and what circuit elements do they act upon? One possibility is that neuromodulation creates a cellular tag or memory trace for synaptic events that occurred in conjunction with neuromodulator release. However, the effects of ACh on cortical

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Rapid task-related plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in primary auditory cortex

Cited by 767 publications

References 43 publications

Specialization for Sound Localization in Fields A1, DZ, and PAF of Cat Auditory Cortex

Specialization for Sound Localization in Fields A1, DZ, and PAF of Cat Auditory Cortex

Specific long-term memory traces in primary auditory cortex

A synaptic memory trace for cortical receptive field plasticity

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